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14. Two groups of adjectives
Depending on the type of declension according to which adjectives are inclined, they are divided into 2 groups. Membership in a group is recognized by standard dictionary forms.
The 1st group includes adjectives that are declined according to the I and II declension. They are easily recognized by their endings. n. -us (or -er), -a, -um in dictionary form.
The 2nd group includes all adjectives that have a different dictionary form. Their inflection occurs according to the III declension.
Memorizing the dictionary form is necessary in order to correctly determine the type of declension and use the appropriate endings in oblique cases.
Adjectives of the 1st group
In the presence of a dictionary form with endings in them. p. units h. -us, -a, -um or -er, -a, -um adjectives in the form of g. R. inclined according to the I declension, in the form of m. and cf. R. - according to the II declension.
For example: longus, -a, -um - long; liber, -era, -erum - free. In the genus n. they have, respectively, endings:
Some adjectives that have in m. ending -er, the letter "e" drops out in m. p., starting with the genus. p. units h., and in R. and on Wed. R. - in all cases without exception. This is not the case for other adjectives. For example, dictionary forms ruber, -bra, -brum, liber, -era, -erum.
Adjectives of the 2st group
Adjectives of the 2nd group are declined according to the III declension. Their dictionary form differs from the adjectives of the 1st group.
According to the number of generic endings in the dictionary form, adjectives of the 2nd group are divided into:
1) adjectives of two endings;
2) adjectives of one ending;
3) adjectives of three endings.
1. Adjectives of two endings in anatomical and histological and in general in medical terminology are most common. They have in them. p., unit only two generic endings - -is, -e; -is - common for m. and well. r., e - only for cf. R. For example: brevis - short, short; breve - short.
The prevailing number of adjectives with two endings found in the nomenclature is characterized by the following word-formation model.
2. Adjectives of the same ending have one common ending in them for all genders. p. units h. Such an ending can be, in particular, -x, or -s, etc. For example: simplex - simple, -th, -th; teres - round, -th, -th; biceps - two-headed, -th, -th.
3. Adjectives of three endings have endings: m. - -er, f. p. - -is, cf. R. - e. For example: ce-ler, -eris, -ere - fast, -th, -th; celeber, -bris, -bre - healing, -th, -th.
All adjectives of the 2nd group, regardless of the dictionary form, are declined according to the XNUMXrd declension and have a single stem in oblique cases.
Author: Shtun A.I.
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