Instructions for labor protection of a locksmith for the repair and maintenance of hoisting machines

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions for labor protection of a locksmith for the repair and maintenance of hoisting machines

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General safety requirements

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, trained according to the relevant program, passed introductory and workplace safety briefings are allowed to perform the duties of a locksmith for the repair and maintenance of hoisting machines.

1.2. The admission to the work of a locksmith for the repair and maintenance of lifting machines is issued by order of the enterprise after the issuance of a certificate and this instruction.

1.3. Re-testing the locksmith's knowledge is carried out by the commission:

periodically, at least once every 12 months;
when moving from one enterprise to another;
at the request of the person responsible for supervision, or the inspector of Gosgortekhnadzor.

1.4. A locksmith admitted to independent work on the repair and maintenance of hoisting machines must know:

purpose, arrangement and principle of operation of all mechanisms of the serviced equipment and instructions for maintenance and repair;
the main causes of malfunctions and accidents in mechanisms, to be able to find and eliminate them;
technological process of repair, assembly and installation of mechanical equipment;
methods and techniques for performing plumbing and installation work;
purpose, device, design, rules for the selection and use of working, measuring and fitter's tools, their handling and storage rules;
range and purpose of lubricants used for lubrication of mechanical equipment;
methods of providing first aid to the victims, the location of the first-aid kit;
fire warning signals, the location of fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them.

1.5. When using hoisting machines operated from the floor for repair purposes, the repairman must undergo a special briefing, followed by a test of skills in driving the machine and tying (hooking) the goods in the prescribed manner.

1.6. All accidents and accidents must be reported to the person responsible for the work.

1.7. Upon receipt of a new (unfamiliar) work, the locksmith must require additional instruction from the master.

1.8. During work, you must be attentive, not be distracted by extraneous matters and conversations, and not distract others.

1.9. During work, you should follow the regime of work and rest. Rest and smoke are allowed in specially designated areas.

1.10. During work, the locksmith may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors: industrial microclimate, noise and vibration from working mechanisms, vapors of fuels and lubricants.

1.11. Locksmiths must be provided with overalls: a cotton suit, canvas mittens. For outdoor work in winter, additionally: a cotton jacket with an insulated lining.

1.12. It is not allowed to turn on or stop (except in emergency cases) machines, machine tools, mechanisms and electrical appliances, work on which you have not been entrusted with by the administration.

1.13. It is not allowed to touch general lighting fittings, broken electrical wires, terminals and other live parts, open the doors of electrical distribution cabinets and remove guards and protective covers from live parts of the equipment.

1.14. If the electrical equipment is faulty, an electrician should be called. You are not allowed to troubleshoot yourself.

1.15. In the event of an electric shock to a person, it is necessary to quickly turn off the part of the equipment that the victim touches. If at the same time the victim may fall from a height, it is necessary to prevent or secure his fall. If it is impossible to quickly turn off the equipment, it is necessary to separate the victim from live parts.

1.16. At voltages up to 1000 V, a dry rag, board, rope, clothing or other dry, non-conductive material should be used to separate the victim from live parts. Use of metal, wet objects is not allowed. If necessary, cut or cut the wires (each separately) with an ax with a dry wooden handle or a tool with insulated handles.

1.17. Persons who do not comply with the requirements of this Instruction are subject to administrative or criminal liability.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, it is necessary to put the work clothes in order: fasten the cuffs of the sleeves, tuck in the clothes so that there are no developing ends, put the hair under a tight-fitting headdress. It is not allowed to work in light shoes (slippers, sandals, sandals).

2.2. Carefully inspect the place of work, put it in order, remove all foreign objects that interfere with the work.

2.3. Check the availability and serviceability of tools, fixtures. When working, use only serviceable tools:

wrenches must match the size of the nuts and bolt heads and not have cracks and nicks; the jaws of the keys must be strictly parallel and not rolled up, the sliding keys must not be loosened in the moving parts; laying pads between the jaws of the keys and the head of the bolt, as well as lengthening the handles of the keys with the help of pipes and bolts or other objects is not allowed;
metalwork hammers and sledgehammers must have a slightly convex, not oblique and not knocked down, without cracks, the surface of the striker, must be securely fastened to the handle by wedging with pointed wedges, must not have hardening;
the handles of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth surface and be made of hardwood (dogwood, beech, young oak, etc.);
percussion instruments (chisels, cross cutters, barbs, punches, center punches, etc.) must not have cracks, burrs, work hardening. The chisels must be at least 150 mm long.

2.4. It is allowed to carry the tool to the workplace only in a special bag or box.

2.5. Check the lighting of the workplace so that it is sufficient and does not blind the eyes. When working, use local lighting with a voltage not exceeding 36 V.

2.6. When using an electric lamp, you should check the presence of a protective grid on the lamp, the serviceability of the cord and the insulating rubber tube. The voltage of a portable lamp is allowed no higher than 12 V.

2.7. If necessary, work with lifting machines controlled from the floor, check the serviceability of the main parts and assemblies of the load lifting mechanism, namely:

the condition of the hook, the absence of wear in its throat more than 10% of the original section, the absence of cracks, straightness, jamming in the hook cage and the presence of a cotter pin or locking of the hook fastening nut in the cage;
the condition of the cargo rope (the number of broken wires at one step of the rope lay should not exceed the established norms);
operation of the brake of the load lifting mechanism (checked by a load equal in mass or close to the nominal load capacity of this machine when lifting it to a height of 200-300 mm; when stopping at the indicated height, the brake must securely hold the load; when the load slips or sags, the brake must be adjusted or replaced) ;
the operation of the hook lifting height limiter (when lifting the hook up, it should stop after pressing the limit switch);
the operation of the push-button control (all movements must correspond to the inscriptions above the buttons), the absence of jamming of the buttons in the sockets and the state of visible protective grounding (cable).

Note: To work with a hand hoist, you must obtain the permission of the person responsible for the good condition of lifting machines.

2.8. Cleaning, repair, inspection of the crane in operation and its parts should be carried out only after it has been stopped and disconnected from the power supply.

2.9. Work near the moving parts of machines and mechanisms is allowed after the fencing of dangerous places.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Only the work assigned by the administration should be performed.

3.2. Cleaning material used in the process of work should be collected in specially installed metal boxes with lids.

3.3. It is not allowed to store flammable materials and cleaning oily material in the workplace.

3.4. When pressing or pressing parts with a sledgehammer and a punch, the latter should be held with tongs or a special grip. The punch should be made of soft material.

3.5. When cutting metal with a chisel, it is necessary to use safety glasses with safety glasses or mesh. Protective shields should be installed to protect others.

3.6. When working with a stacker, the second end should be closed with a special case or handle.

3.7. When working with a blowtorch, it is not allowed:

use a flammable liquid that is not intended for this lamp;
pour fuel into a burning lamp;
pour fuel near an open flame;
pump more air into the lamp than the allowable pressure;
fill more than 3/4 of the lamp capacity with fuel.

If a malfunction is detected (fuel leaks, gas leaks through the burner thread, etc.), stop work immediately and replace the blowtorch.

3.8. When working with power tools, the following requirements must be observed:

work in rubber gloves and dielectric galoshes or on a dielectric rug;
do not connect the power tool to switchgear if there is no reliable plug connection;
protect the wire supplying the power tool from mechanical damage;
do not carry the power tool by the wire, use a handle for this;
do not replace the cutting tool until it stops completely;
during interruptions in work or a power outage, turn off the tool;
do not work with portable power tools at a height of more than 2,5 m on ladders.

3.9. When carrying out periodic inspections of hoisting machines, a thorough check of the condition of all mechanisms, cargo ropes, hook suspension, and metal structures should be carried out. The results of the inspection and the defects identified during the inspection should be recorded in the journal of periodic inspections of hoisting machines.

3.10. When inspecting the crane mechanisms, you should:

check the snap fastening of the couplings connecting the shafts of electric motors, gearboxes, etc.; if a backlash is detected, eliminate it; when the keys are worn, replace them;
if a loosening of the bolted connection of the coupling halves is detected, tighten the loose nuts; in case of wear of leather or rubber rings at the fingers of elastic couplings, put new rings;
prevent longitudinal movement of the worm in the thrust bearing, causing shocks when starting and stopping the electric motor;
do not allow the outer rings of ball bearings to rotate into the bearing housing and ensure that the inner fingers fit snugly on the shaft neck;
upon detection of a tooth fracture of any gear of the lifting mechanism, a crack in the rotating parts of the crane mechanisms (gear wheels, blocks, brake pulley, clutch, etc.), stop the operation of the crane until the defective part is replaced and inform the master about it;
when trying the electric brake, make sure that there is at least a small margin of the electromagnet thrust, and also that the counterweights are firmly fixed on the brake levers (if necessary, they should be strengthened with a chain); when weakening the brake rods, periodically, depending on the wear of the linings, tighten the rods;
if even small cracks or tears are found in the brake band, stop the operation of the crane, informing the master about it;
in case of significant wear of the lining at the brake pads, change the worn linings;
periodically, at least once a quarter, check the fastening of the leveling fixed block, as well as the condition of its axis;
make sure that all accessible rotating parts of the lifting machine mechanisms, such as gears, shafts, ratchets, sprockets, keys, etc., are covered with guards of an appropriate design;
monitor the timely lubrication of all crane mechanisms and the absence of grease leakage from bearings and gearboxes;
regularly inspect the crane truss and trolley frame.

3.11. Repairs to the crane may only be started with the permission of the responsible person.

3.12. Repair of the crane should be carried out only at repair sites. Before starting work, the crane must be de-energized by turning off the breaker of the main trolley wires and supplying short circuits. In addition, turn off the switch in the crane cabin. Forbidden posters should be hung on the switches: "Do not turn it on! People are working."

3.13. Trial switching on of the crane during repair and at the end of it is allowed to be carried out only with the permission and in the presence of the person responsible for the repair.

3.14. Upon completion of repair or maintenance, an appropriate entry must be made in the journal of periodic inspections of the crane.

3.15. Before installing a grinding wheel on the machine, you must make sure that it has a factory mark on it, which must indicate the maximum allowable number of revolutions. It is not allowed to exceed the maximum permissible number of revolutions. It is not allowed to work on grinding wheels that have cracks or other defects.

3.16. The following precautions should be observed when mounting and attaching the grinding wheel to the spindle:

do not allow strikes in a circle;
use clamping discs (flanges) of the same size;
install special spacers at least 1 mm thick between the clamping disks and the stone;
make sure that the diameter of the hole in the stone is 0,51 mm larger than the spindle diameter.

3.17. After installing the grinding wheel, you must:

check the operation of the grinding wheel at idle for 2-3 minutes and make sure that there is no stone runout and that the grinding wheel is properly balanced;
strengthen protective covers;
check that the circle starts rotating smoothly, without jerks.

3.18. The gap between the grinding wheel and the handpiece should be no more than 3 mm.

3.19. When working on grinding machines it is not allowed:

clean the circle, touch it with your hands;
open the protective covers of the shaft, spindle, pulley, stone;
put on, take off and transfer the belt;
work without a protective screen or glasses;
work with the end surfaces of the circle, if it is not intended for this type of work.

3.20. When working, it is necessary to ensure that the circle is worked evenly. In the formation of potholes and ledges, the circle should be replaced.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If a malfunction of an electrified, pneumatic or other tool is detected, it is necessary to disconnect it from the mains and report this to the foreman or mechanic.

4.2. In case of accidents, provide the victim with first aid, if necessary, send the victim to a medical institution.

In case of injury, immediately stop work, notify the administration and seek medical attention.

4.3. When captured by rotating parts of machines, slings, traverses, hooks, etc. parts of the body or clothing must be immediately signaled to stop work. You should not try to free yourself from the grip if it is possible to attract others.

4.4. In the event of a fire, you must:

stop working;
turn off electrical equipment;
notify management and call the fire brigade;
start extinguishing the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. Tidy up the workplace, put the tools and fixtures in the tool box.

5.2. Inform the shift worker, foreman or foreman about the work performed, the existing malfunctions, the measures taken and their elimination, and make an appropriate entry in the shift mechanics log.

5.3. Wash hands and face with warm soapy water and shower if possible.

5.4. Hang overalls in a locker specially designed for this purpose.

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