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5. Alphabet
The Latin alphabet used in modern textbooks, reference books and dictionaries consists of 25 letters.
Table 1. Latin alphabet
With a capital letter in Latin, proper names, names of months, peoples, geographical names and adjectives derived from them are written. In pharmaceutical terminology, it is customary to write the names of plants and medicinal substances with a capital letter.
Notes.
1. Most of the letters of the Latin alphabet are pronounced the same as in various Western European languages, however, some letters in these languages are called differently than in Latin; for example, the letter h is called "ha" in German, "ash" in French, "h" in English, and "ha" in Latin. The letter j in French is called "zhi", in English - "jay", and in Latin - "iot". The Latin letter "c" in English is called "si", etc.
2. It must be borne in mind that the same letter can denote an unequal sound in these languages. For example, the sound indicated by the letter g is pronounced in Latin as [g], and in French and English before e, i - as [g] or [j]; in English j is read as [j].
3. Latin spelling is phonetic, it reproduces the actual pronunciation of sounds. Compare: lat. latina [latina], eng. latin [laetin] - Latin.
The difference is especially noticeable when comparing vowels in Latin and English. In Latin, almost all vowels are always pronounced the same as the corresponding vowels in Russian.
4. As a rule, names not from the Latin language, but from other languages (Greek, Arabic, French, etc.) are latinized, that is, they are drawn up in accordance with the rules of phonetics and grammar of the Latin language.
Author: Shtun A.I.
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