Clinical psychology. The origin and development of clinical psychology (the most important)

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Clinical psychology. The origin and development of clinical psychology (the most important)

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5. The origin and development of clinical psychology

The formation of clinical psychology as one of the main applied branches of psychological science is associated with the development of both psychology itself and medicine, biology, physiology, and anthropology.

The origin of clinical psychology dates back to ancient times, when psychological knowledge was born in the depths of philosophy and natural science.

The emergence of the first scientific ideas about the psyche, the identification of the science of the soul, the formation of empirical knowledge about mental processes and their disorders is associated with the development of ancient philosophy and the achievements of ancient doctors. Thus, Alkemon of Croton (VI century BC) for the first time in history put forward the position of the localization of thoughts in the brain. Hippocrates also attached great importance to the study of the brain as an organ of the psyche. He developed the doctrine of temperament and the first classification of human types. The Alexandrian doctors Herophilus and Erasistratus described the brain in detail; they paid attention to the cortex with its convolutions, which distinguished humans from animals in mental abilities.

The next stage in the development of clinical psychology was the Middle Ages. It was a rather long period, riddled with unbridled mysticism and religious dogmatism, persecution of natural scientists and the fires of the Inquisition. Initially, education was built on the basis of ancient philosophy and the natural science achievements of Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle. Then knowledge declines, alchemy flourishes, and until the XNUMXth century. the dark years continue. Psychology in the Middle Ages is based on philosophy

Thomas Aquinas. The development of ideas about the psyche at this stage slowed down sharply. An important role in the development of domestic clinical psychology was played by A.F. Lazursky, the organizer of his own psychological school.

Thanks to A.F. Lazursky, the natural experiment was introduced into clinical practice, although he had originally developed it for educational psychology.

Most developed in the 60s. XNUMXth century were the following sections of clinical psychology:

1) pathopsychology, which arose at the intersection of psychology, psychopathology and psychiatry (B. V. Zeigarnik, Yu. F. Polyakov, etc.);

2) neuropsychology, formed at the border of psychology, neurology and neurosurgery {A. R. Luria, E. D. Chomskaya, etc.).

There is an independent field of psychological knowledge, which has its own subject, its own research methods, its own theoretical and practical tasks - clinical psychology.

Currently, clinical psychology is one of the most popular applied branches of psychology and has great prospects for development both abroad and in Russia.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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