Clinical psychology. Methods of neuropsychological research. Restoration of higher mental functions (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Methods of neuropsychological research. Restoration of higher mental functions (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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39. Methods of neuropsychological research. Restoration of higher mental functions

One of the most common methods for assessing syndromes in neuropsychology is the system proposed by A. R. Luria. It includes:

1) a formal description of the patient, his medical history;

2) a general description of the patient's mental status (state of consciousness, ability to navigate in place and time, level of criticism, etc.);

3) studies of voluntary and involuntary attention;

4) studies of emotional reactions;

5) studies of visual gnosis (based on real objects, contour images, etc.);

6) studies of somatosensory gnosis (recognition of objects by touch, by touch);

7) studies of auditory gnosis (recognition of melodies, repetition of rhythms);

8) studies of movements and actions (evaluation of coordination, results of drawing, objective actions, etc.);

9) speech research;

10) study of writing (letters, words and phrases);

11) reading research;

12) memory research;

13) research of the counting system;

14) research of intellectual processes. One of the important sections of neuropsychology explores the mechanisms and ways of restoring higher mental functions that are impaired as a result of local pathologies of the brain. A position was put forward on the possibility of restoring the affected mental functions by restructuring the functional systems that determine the implementation of higher mental functions.

In the works of A. R. Luria and his students, the mechanisms for restoring higher mental functions were revealed:

1) transfer of the process to the highest conscious level;

2) replacement of the missing link of the functional system with a new one.

We list the principles of restorative education:

1) neuropsychological qualification of the defect;

2) reliance on preserved forms of activity;

3) external programming of the restored function.

The practice of treating the wounded during the Great Patriotic War proved the effectiveness of these ideas. In the future, neuropsychological methods began to be used in conjunction with medication.

The development of ideas about the functional asymmetry of the human brain in the history of neuropsychology is associated with the name of the French doctor M. Dax, who in 1836, speaking at a medical society, presented the results of observations of 40 patients. He observed patients with brain damage accompanied by a decrease or loss of speech, and came to the conclusion that the disorders were caused only by defects in the left hemisphere.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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