Clinical psychology. Poverty of speech vocabulary (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Poverty of speech vocabulary (most important)

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33. Poverty of the vocabulary of speech

The poverty of the vocabulary is usually observed in oligophrenia, as well as in atherosclerosis of the brain. Let us consider the types of mental pathology that can be considered both as derivatives of speech disorders and as a result of disorders of the gnostic brain apparatus.

1. Dyslexia (alexia) - reading disorder.

In children, dyslexia manifests itself in the inability to master the skill of reading (with a normal level of intellectual and speech development, in optimal learning conditions, in the absence of hearing and vision impairments).

2. Agraphia (dysgraphia) - a violation of the ability to write correctly in form and meaning.

3. Akalkulia - a violation that is characterized by a violation of counting operations.

Let us dwell on the definition of other speech disorders encountered in clinical practice.

Verbal paraphasia - the use instead of some words of others that are not related to the meaning of the speech statement.

Literal paraphasia is when some sounds are replaced by others that are not present in a given word, or certain syllables and sounds are rearranged in a word.

Verbigeration is the repeated repetition of individual words or syllables.

Bradyphasia is slow speech.

Dysarthria - blurred, as if "stumbling" speech.

Dyslalia (tongue-tied speech) is a speech disorder characterized by the incorrect pronunciation of individual sounds (for example, skipping sounds or replacing one sound with another).

Stuttering is a violation of the fluency of speech, which manifests itself in the form of a convulsive disorder of speech coordination, the repetition of individual syllables with obvious difficulties in pronouncing them.

Logoclonia is a spasmodic repetition of certain syllables of a spoken word.

Increasing the volume of speech (up to a scream) is a violation that manifests itself in the fact that, as a result of overstrain, the voice of such patients becomes hoarse or completely disappears (noted in patients in a manic state).

Change in the modulation of speech - pomposity, pathos or colorlessness and monotony of speech (loss of speech melody).

Incoherence is a meaningless set of words that are not combined into grammatically correct sentences.

Oligophasia - a significant decrease in the number of words used in speech, impoverishment of the vocabulary.

Schizophasia is a meaningless collection of single words that are combined into grammatically correct sentences.

Symbolic speech - giving words and expressions a special meaning (instead of the generally accepted one), understandable only to the patient himself.

Cryptolalia is the creation of one's own language or a special cipher called cryptography.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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