Clinical psychology. Types of mental development disorders (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Types of mental development disorders (most important)

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48. Types of disorders of mental development

There are various classifications of dysontogenesis. Let's consider some of them and give a description of the types of dysontogenesis.

G. E. Sukhareva distinguishes three types of dysontogenesis:

1) detained;

2) damaged;

3) distorted development.

Close to the one considered is another classification of mental development disorders.

1. Irreversible underdevelopment (associated with oligophrenia).

2. Disharmonious development (associated with psychopathy).

3. Regressive development (associated with progressive degenerative diseases, malignant epilepsy).

4. Alternating development (observed in various somatic and mental pathologies).

5. Development changed in quality and direction (in the schizophrenic process).

G.K. Ushakov and V.V. Kovalev proposed to identify the main clinical types of dysontogenesis:

1) retardation is inhibited mental development or stable mental underdevelopment;

2) asynchrony - disharmonic mental development.

Clinical forms of dysontogenesis can be classified as follows:

1) mental retardation;

2) borderline and partial delays in mental development;

3) distortions of mental development;

4) autistic disorders;

5) acceleration;

6) infantilism;

7) somatopathy.

The most common is the following classification of dysontogenesis:

1) mental underdevelopment;

2) delayed development;

3) damaged mental development;

4) deficient mental development;

5) distorted mental development;

6) disharmonic mental development.

There are other differentiations of types of oligophrenia. For example, in pedagogical terms, the classification of M. S. Pevzner can be considered the most common. This author identifies five main types of oligophrenia.

1. Uncomplicated mental retardation.

2. Complicated oligophrenia with the presence of neurodynamic disorders.

3. Oligophrenia, characterized by a violation of various analyzers.

4. Mental retardation, which is characterized by psychopathic forms of behavior.

5. Oligophrenia with a pronounced frontal insufficiency.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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