Clinical psychology. Social and biological components of normal and abnormal human development (the most important)

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Clinical psychology. Social and biological components of normal and abnormal human development (the most important)

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47. Social and biological components of normal and abnormal human development

Both biological and social factors contribute significantly to human development. We list the biological factors of dysontogenesis:

1) genetic factors (hereditary diseases, chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations, endogenous diseases, etc.);

2) intrauterine disorders (toxicoses, infections, intoxications, etc.);

3) pathology of childbirth;

4) early diseases with damage to the central nervous system (progressive hydrocephalus, brain tumors, encephalitis, etc.).

The social factors of dysontogenesis include:

1) various types of emotional and social deprivation;

2) various kinds of social psychological stress. The problem of the influence of social and biological factors on the ontogenetic development of a person is also dealt with by clinical psychology, or rather, a special section of clinical psychology - developmental clinical psychology. The areas of interest in developmental clinical psychology include:

1) mental processes and states;

2) analysis of the course of age-related crises;

3) psychosomatic mutual influences at various stages of human development.

The formation of individual psychological qualities of a person is greatly influenced by both the biological and social components of development. Without the appropriate "material support" (the presence of a highly developed nervous system, brain), any attempts to achieve appropriate education and training were unsuccessful. The same applies to the social component: the loss of even the best "material" from society in early childhood leads to a complete suppression of the child's development (for example, "Mowgli children").

But a particular child is not in society in general, but interacts with specific people who have individual characters, have a certain culture, intellect, etc. In the process of development, by the beginning of each age period, certain relations are formed between the child and the social microenvironment surrounding him. These relationships are the essence of the social situation of the child's development. When analyzing the process of a child's development, it should be taken into account that each period is characterized by a new type of relationship between him and his surrounding social environment. The formation of the child's psyche is possible only with involvement in the world of social relationships.

Age-related psychological crises are special periods of ontogeny that do not last long and are characterized by dramatic psychological changes.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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