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PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Wheelchair. Personal transport
Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air A simple electric drive that turns an ordinary wheelchair into a self-propelled one has been developed at the Electromobil small enterprise. The device is quite simple; You can make it even in the apartment, without the use of special tools and materials. The most common and reliable wheelchair was used as the base - a wheelchair model "400" manufactured by the Stavrovsky plant, although any other can be upgraded in this way.
As a power unit, an electric motor of the ME272 type for a voltage of 12 V and a power of 100 W (from the fan of the Zhiguli car) is recommended. Torque from the motor shaft is transmitted to the wheel using a simple friction roller. It is fixed on the motor shaft with a pin and a special elongated nut. The best material for the roller is cast iron because it has good frictional properties. It should be noted that the roller and special nut are the only turned parts of the entire structure. The electric motor is fixed with three M6 threaded studs on the intermediate plate. And that, in turn, is fixed on the frame with an M8 screw. The friction roller is pressed against the wheel by the right hand brake mechanism so that its handle becomes a clutch control lever. The finalization of the mechanism consists in removing the plastic brake pad and cutting off the part of the lever on which it was attached. At a distance of 3 ... 5 mm from the edge of the cut, a vertical groove with dimensions of 4,2x6 mm is sawn in the lever, through which an M4 bolt is passed, connecting the lever and the intermediate plate - the base of the electric motor. The former brake mechanism should be adjusted so that when the lever is pressed (until it is fixed), the roller is pressed into the tire by 5 ... 7 mm, and when the lever is moved to another extreme position, it gets out of contact with the wheel. To install the clamping assembly into the chair frame, it is necessary to cut off the seat fixing pipe. This will not affect the strength of the chair, but since such a procedure is usually performed infrequently, these difficulties are unlikely to be of fundamental importance. A 6ST55 car battery is installed behind the seat on a frame made of duralumin corners, fixed to the frame with M6 screws.
The commutation of the traction electric motor is carried out with the help of an electronic speed controller. It should be noted that transistors VT5 and VT6 are installed on heat sinks with a dissipation power of at least 20 watts. Relay K1 - type 111.3747 - this is used to turn on the headlights on cars of the Zhiguli type. The regulator unit is switched on with a toggle switch S1 of type A3C-20, which acts as an overload circuit breaker. Toggle switch S2 type PT2-10 is designed to change the direction of rotation of the motor shaft and, accordingly, reverse the movement of the chair. A powerful transistor VT6 is connected in series with the motor. The transistor is controlled by a generator assembled on transistors VT1 and VT2 through a device on DA1. The setting element is the potentiometer R16, which is installed in the control knob in the steering lever. When the transistor VT6 is fully open, contacts K1.1 of relay K1 are "short-circuited". The angle of rotation of the resistor R16, at which this happens, is determined by the resistance of the resistor R8, and the lower threshold for "opening" the output key is set using the resistor R7. The cross section of the connecting wires of the "accumulator - regulator - control panel" scheme is at least 2 mm2. The chair is controlled by a lever, the threaded end of which is screwed onto the trunnion of the right or left front swivel wheel and secured with an M6 bolt with a nut and a lock nut. At the opposite end of the lever, a resistor R16 is mounted, which regulates the speed of movement.
The brake system of the electrified chair is standard, acting on the left wheel. For ease of use, a plastic handle is removed from the brake lever and a steel rod with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of about 300 mm is welded to it. Now, if necessary, the seat can be slowed down when driving in the motor version. No special requirements for the operation of Eletran-2 are regulated. It is only important to monitor the pressure in the tires, in particular the right wheel, to which the friction roller is pressed; if the pressure drops, it may slip. The front wheels should also be well inflated - this will reduce rolling resistance and improve handling. The chair, equipped with such an electric drive, moves almost silently and has good maneuverability. The power reserve from a charged battery is 20 ... 25 km. The speed of movement is about 6 km / h. The clutch lever allows you to disconnect the friction roller from the wheel - while the chair can be used in its usual version, rotating the wheels by hand. Author: A.Knokh
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