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24. Feelings. Their classification
Sensation is the simplest mental process, consisting in the reflection of individual properties, objects and phenomena of the external world, as well as the internal states of the body with the direct impact of stimuli on the corresponding receptors.
The main properties of sensations are:
1) modality and quality;
2) intensity;
3) time characteristic (duration);
4) spatial characteristics.
Feelings can be both conscious and unconscious.
An important characteristic of sensations is the threshold of sensation - the magnitude of the stimulus that can cause sensation.
Consider some classifications of sensations.
V. M. Wundt proposed to divide sensations into three groups (depending on what characteristics of the external environment are reflected):
1) spatial;
2) temporary;
3) space-time.
A. A. Ukhtomsky suggested dividing all sensations into 2 groups:
1. Higher (those types of sensations that give the most subtle diverse differentiated analysis, for example, visual and auditory).
2. Lower (those types of sensations that are characterized by less differentiated sensitivity, such as pain and tactile).
Currently, the generally accepted and most common classification is Sherrington, who proposed to divide sensations into three groups depending on the location of the receptor and the location of the source of irritation:
1) exteroreceptors - receptors of the external environment (vision, hearing, smell, taste, tactile, temperature, pain sensations);
2) proprioceptors - receptors that reflect the movement and position of the body in space (muscular-articular, or kinesthetic, vibrational, vestibular);
3) interoreceptors - receptors located in the internal organs (they, in turn, are divided into chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, pain receptors and mechanoreceptors, reflecting changes in pressure in the internal organs and bloodstream).
Author: Vedekhina S.A.
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