Clinical psychology. Impaired immediate memory (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Impaired immediate memory (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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21. Violations of immediate memory

Immediate memory is the ability to recall information immediately after the action of a particular stimulus.

Some of the most common types of memory impairments are:

1) Korsakov's syndrome;

2) progressive amnesia.

Korsakov's syndrome is a violation of memory for current events with a relative preservation of memory for past events. This syndrome was described by the Russian psychiatrist S. S. Korsakov.

Korsakov's syndrome can manifest itself in insufficiently accurate reproduction of what is seen or heard, as well as in inaccurate orientation. Often, patients themselves notice defects in their memory and try to fill in the gaps with fictitious versions of events. Real events are either clearly reflected in the mind of the patient, or intricately intertwined with events that never existed. The inability to remember current events leads to the impossibility of organizing the future.

With progressive amnesia, memory impairment extends to both current events and past events. Patients confuse the past with the present, distort the sequence of events. With progressive amnesia, the following symptoms are noted:

1. Interfering effect - the imposition of past events on the events of the present, and vice versa.

2. Disorientation in space and time. Example: the patient seems to be living at the beginning of the XNUMXth century; she thinks that the October Revolution has recently begun.

Such memory impairments are often noted in mental illness of late age. First, patients have a reduced ability to remember current events, then the events of recent years are erased from memory. At the same time, the events from the distant past preserved in the memory acquire special relevance in the mind of the patient. The patient does not live in the present, but in fragments of situations and actions that took place in the distant past.

To illustrate such memory impairments, we give examples taken from the results of an experimental study of one of the patients:

1) explaining the meaning of the proverb “Don’t get into your sleigh,” he says: “Don’t be so impudent, impolite, a hooligan. Don’t go where you don’t need to”;

2) the meaning of the proverb "Strike while the iron is hot" explains as follows: "Work, be hardworking, cultured, polite. Do everything quickly, well. Love a person. Do everything for him."

Thus, understanding the figurative meaning of the proverb, the patient cannot remember it and is distracted. The patient's judgments are characterized by instability, correct judgments alternate with incorrect ones.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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