Clinical psychology. Distortion of the generalization process. Violation of the dynamics of thinking (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Distortion of the generalization process. Violation of the dynamics of thinking (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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15. Distortion of the generalization process. Violation of the dynamics of thinking

Patients with a distortion of the generalization process, as a rule, are guided by overly generalized signs. In such patients, random associations predominate.

For example: the patient puts shoes and a pencil in the same group because "they leave marks."

Distortion of the generalization process occurs in patients with schizophrenia.

The main difference between the distortion of the generalization process and the decrease in its level was most clearly described by B. V. Zeigarnik. She noted that if for patients with a reduced level of generalization, the compilation of pictograms is difficult due to the fact that they are not able to distract from any specific meanings of the word, then patients with a distortion of the generalization process easily perform this task, since they can form any association unrelated to their task.

For example: a patient draws two circles and two triangles, respectively, to memorize the phrases "merry holiday" and "warm wind", and a bow to memorize the word "separation".

Let's consider how a patient with a distortion of the generalization process (in schizophrenia) performs the "classification of objects" task:

1) combines a cupboard and a saucepan into one group, since "both objects have a hole";

2) identifies a group of objects "pig, goat, butterfly" because "they are hairy";

3) a car, a spoon and a cart are assigned to one group "according to the principle of movement (the spoon is also moved to the mouth)";

4) combines a clock and a bicycle into one group, because "clocks measure time, and when riding a bicycle, space is measured";

5) the shovel and the beetle belong to the same group, since "they dig the ground with a shovel, the beetle also digs in the ground";

6) combines a flower, a shovel and a spoon into one group, because "these are objects elongated in length."

Violation of the dynamics of thinking is quite common.

There are several types of violation of the dynamics of thinking.

1. Inconsistency of judgments.

2. Lability of thinking.

3. Inertia of thinking.

The study of the dynamics of thinking is carried out using the techniques used to study violations of the operational side of thinking. But with this type of violation, it is necessary first of all to pay attention to:

1) features of switching the subject from one type of activity to another;

2) excessive thoroughness of judgments;

3) a tendency to detail;

4) inability to maintain purposefulness of judgments.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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