Clinical psychology. Goals and structure of clinical psychology. Main sections and areas of their study (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Goals and structure of clinical psychology. Main sections and areas of their study (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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3. Goals and structure of clinical psychology. Main sections and areas of their research

Clinical psychology as an independent science faces certain goals. In the 60s-70s. XX century the specific goals of clinical psychology were formulated as follows (M. S. Lebedinsky, V. N. Myasishchev, 1966; M. M. Kabanov, B. D. Karvasarsky, 1978):

1) the study of mental factors affecting the development of diseases, their prevention and treatment;

2) study of the influence of certain diseases on the psyche;

3) the study of mental manifestations of various diseases in their dynamics;

4) the study of developmental disorders of the psyche; study of the nature of the relationship of a sick person with medical personnel and the surrounding microenvironment;

5) development of principles and methods of psychological research in the clinic;

6) creation and study of psychological methods of influencing the human psyche for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

Such a formulation of the goals of clinical psychology corresponded to the growing tendency to use the ideas and methods of this science to improve the quality of the diagnostic and treatment process in various fields of medicine, with all the difficulties inevitable at this stage due to the unequal degree of development of one or another of its sections.

It is possible to single out specific sections of medical psychology that find practical application of knowledge in the relevant clinics: in a psychiatric clinic - pathopsychology; in neurological - neuropsychology; in somatic - psychosomatics.

According to B. V. Zeigarnik, pathopsychology studies disorders of mental activity, patterns of disintegration of the psyche in comparison with the norm. She notes that pathopsychology operates with the concepts of general and clinical psychology and uses psychological methods. Pathopsychology works both on the problems of general clinical psychology (when changes in the personality of mental patients and patterns of mental decay are studied), and private (when mental disorders of a particular patient are studied to clarify the diagnosis, conduct a labor, judicial or military examination).

The object of study of neuropsychology is diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), mainly local focal lesions of the brain.

Psychosomatics studies how changes in the psyche affect the occurrence of somatic diseases.

Pathopsychology should be distinguished from psychopathology (which will be discussed later). Now it is only worth noting that pathopsychology is a part of psychiatry and studies the symptoms of mental illness by clinical methods, using medical concepts: diagnosis, etiology, pathogenesis, symptom, syndrome, etc. The main method of psychopathology is clinical and descriptive.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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