Clinical psychology. Intellectual impairment (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Intellectual impairment (most important)

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35. Impaired intelligence

Intelligence is the system of all cognitive abilities of an individual (in particular, the ability to learn and solve problems that determine the success of any activity).

For quantitative analysis of intelligence, the concept of IQ is used - the coefficient of mental development.

There are three types of intelligence:

1) verbal intelligence (vocabulary, erudition, ability to understand what is read);

2) the ability to solve problems;

3) practical intelligence (the ability to adapt to the environment).

The structure of practical intelligence includes:

1. Processes of adequate perception and understanding of ongoing events.

2. Adequate self-esteem.

3. The ability to act rationally in a new environment.

The intellectual sphere includes some cognitive processes, but the intellect is not only the sum of these cognitive processes. The prerequisites for intelligence are attention and memory, but the understanding of the essence of intellectual activity is not exhausted by them.

There are three forms of organization of the intellect, which reflect different ways of cognition of objective reality, in particular in the sphere of interpersonal contacts.

1. Common sense is the process of adequate reflection of reality, based on the analysis of the essential motives of the behavior of people around and using a rational way of thinking.

2. Reason - the process of cognition of reality and a way of activity based on the use of formalized knowledge, interpretations of the motives of the activity of communication participants.

3. Reason - the highest form of organization of intellectual activity, in which the thought process contributes to the formation of theoretical knowledge and the creative transformation of reality.

Intellectual cognition can use the following methods:

1) rational (requires the application of formal logic laws, hypotheses and their confirmation);

2) irrational (relies on unconscious factors, does not have a strictly defined sequence, does not require the use of logical laws to prove the truth).

The following concepts are closely related to the concept of intelligence:

1) anticipatory abilities - the ability to anticipate the course of events and plan their activities in such a way as to avoid undesirable consequences and experiences;

2) reflection - the creation of an idea of the true attitude towards the subject on the part of others.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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