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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who Invented Playing Cards? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who Invented Playing Cards? Today, eight out of every ten houses in the UK play card games, but even the rest, if you look carefully, you can find a deck of cards. Playing cards is so familiar to most of us that it even seems to us that they have always existed. Perhaps playing cards have been known since the creation of fine art by man. Their history goes back so far that no one can say exactly when and where they first appeared. For a long time, it was believed that playing cards were invented by the Chinese, since earlier paper money and playing cards in China were almost identical. We know that playing cards existed in China a thousand years ago! But still, at present it is not clear who should give priority to the invention of maps: the Chinese, the Egyptians, the Arabs or the Indians. Since its inception, cards have become one of the ways to predict fate. It is possible that they were used for this purpose before they were used for various gambling. In the Middle Ages, using playing cards, sorcerers predicted the future. When did playing cards get to Europe? Some believe that the crusaders brought them from their campaigns. Others say that through the Saracens they got to Spain or Italy, others say that the gypsies brought them to Eastern Europe. There is no doubt, however, that playing cards have been known in Europe since the XNUMXth century. Originally there were many different kinds of playing cards. For example, curly cards were common (there were 22 of them in the deck, and there were no numbers among them) and digital cards (there were 56 cards in this deck - and not a single picture). The French were the first to create a deck of 52 cards. They used digital cards and retained the king, queen, jack from face cards. This 52-card deck was adopted by the British. The earliest cards were drawn by hand, but with the development of woodcarving, playing cards became cheaper and spread very quickly among the common people. Author: Likum A.
Who were the first Europeans in Australia? It is believed that the northern coast of Australia was first seen by the Dutch navigator Billem Janszon at the beginning of the 1770th century. However, there is evidence that he was still ahead of the Portuguese sailors. In any case, already in the XNUMXth century, the Dutch visited the northern, western and southern shores of the unknown continent. In XNUMX, the English navigator James Cook discovered the east coast of Australia. Cook declared that the land he had discovered belonged to Great Britain and named it New South Wales. By this time, people were already living on the continent. Europeans called them natives. The natives had dark skin, thick lips and a wide nose, like the Negroes, and long wavy hair, like the Europeans.
By the XNUMXth century, Great Britain had lost its colonies in North America and needed new lands. In addition, English prisons were overflowing with convicts who had nowhere to exile: after all, for more than a hundred years they were sent to North America. The first ship with the exiles left England for the distant mainland in May 1787. In January 1788, 850 exiles and about 200 soldiers and officers landed on the east coast of Australia. Among the exiles were both dangerous criminals and those convicted of minor offenses. The first convict settlement was called Sydney. The regime there was very cruel. In 1793, the first free settlers arrived in Australia. But there were few of them, and the new lands were developed mainly by convicts. In the 50s of the 10th century, gold was found in this distant colony. During the 1,2 years of the "gold rush" the number of British in Australia has almost tripled. Already XNUMX million people lived there. From 1868, criminals were no longer exiled to Australia.
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