Clinical psychology. Neuroses (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Neuroses (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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44. Neurosis

The concept of "neurosis" has been used since 1776. This made it possible to single out psychosomatic disorders from a number of somatic diseases and associate them with impaired nervous activity.

With all forms of neurosis, the patient retains a critical attitude towards the disease.

Neurosis is characterized by the following features:

1) pathological disorders are reversible regardless of duration;

2) psychogenic origin;

3) the presence of emotional-affective and somatovegetative disorders.

Different signs underlie the allocation of various forms of neuroses.

1. Etiological (guilt, frustration, aggression, etc.).

2. Situational and reactive.

3. Informational (lack or excess of information).

4. Constitutional and reactive in terms of the genetic factor.

5. According to the signs of the profession.

6. According to events in the life of society.

Currently, there are three main forms of neuroses:

1) neurasthenia;

2) hysteria;

3) obsessional neurosis. Neurasthenia (from the Greek asthenos - "weak") - weakness of the nerves.

There are three stages of this disease:

1) violation of active inhibition (manifested in the form of irritability and excitability);

2) lability of excitatory processes (irritable weakness);

3) the predominance of weakness, exhaustion, lethargy, apathy, low mood, drowsiness, etc.

Weakness in neurasthenia is expressed in a constant feeling of fatigue. In this case, the patient has a feeling as if he was doing physical work, there are complaints of headache, heart palpitations, abdominal pain, sexual disorders, etc.

It is believed that neurasthenia is more likely to affect people in leadership positions, as they are in constant tension at work.

The term "hysteria" comes from the Greek. hystera - "womb", since at the time of Plato it was believed that this disease was associated with the circulation of the uterus through the body of a woman (hysteria is much more common in women). However, the same symptoms were later found in men.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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