Clinical psychology. Techniques used to study memory (the most important)

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Clinical psychology. Techniques used to study memory (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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20. Methods that are used to study memory

The following methods are used to study memory.

1. Ten words

The subject is read ten simple words, after which he must repeat them in any order 5 times. The experimenter enters the results in the table. After 20-30 minutes, the subject is again asked to reproduce these words. The results are also entered into a table.

Example: water, forest, table, mountain, clock, cat, mushroom, book, brother, window.

2. Pictogram method

The subject is presented with 15 words to memorize. To facilitate this task, he should make sketches with a pencil. No writing or lettering is allowed. The subject is asked to repeat the words after the end of the work, and then again after 20-30 minutes. When analyzing the features of memorization, attention is paid to how many words are reproduced accurately, close in meaning, incorrectly, and how many are not reproduced at all. A modification of this method can be the test of A. N. Leontiev. This method involves not drawing, but choosing an object from the proposed ready-made pictures. The technique has several series, different in degree of complexity. The test of A. N. Leontiev can be used to study memory in children, as well as in persons with a low level of intelligence.

3. Reproduction of stories The subject is read a story (sometimes the story is given for independent reading). Then he must reproduce the story orally or in writing. When analyzing the results, the experimenter must take into account whether all semantic links have been reproduced by the subject, and whether he has observed confabulations (filling in gaps in memory with non-existent events).

Examples of stories for memorization: "Jackdaw and Doves", "Eternal King", "Logic", "Ant and Dove", etc.

4. Study of visual memory (A. L. Benton test).

For this test, five series of drawings are used. At the same time, in three series, 10 cards of the same complexity are offered, in two - 15 cards each. The subject is shown a card for 10 seconds, and then he must reproduce the seen figures on paper. The analysis of the obtained data is carried out using special Benton tables. This test allows you to obtain additional data on the presence of organic diseases of the brain.

When conducting a pathopsychological experiment aimed at studying memory disorders, the features of direct and indirect memory are usually revealed.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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