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25. Methods for the study of sensations and perception. Major sensory disturbances
The study of perception is carried out:
1) clinical methods;
2) experimental psychological methods. The clinical method is usually used in the following cases:
1) studies of tactile and pain sensitivity;
2) study of temperature sensitivity;
3) study of disorders of the organs of hearing and vision.
4) study of the thresholds of auditory sensitivity, speech perception.
Experimental psychological methods are usually used to study more complex auditory and visual functions. So, E.F. Bazhin proposed a set of techniques, which includes:
1) methods for studying the simple aspects of the activity of analyzers;
2) methods for the study of more complex complex activities.
The following methods are also used:
1) the technique "Classification of objects" - to identify visual agnosia;
2) Poppelreuter tables, which are images superimposed on each other, and which are needed to detect visual agnosia;
3) Raven tables - for the study of visual perception;
4) tables proposed by M. F. Lukyanova (moving squares, wavy background) - for the study of sensory excitability (with organic disorders of the brain);
5) tachistoscopy method (identification of listened to tape recordings with various sounds: the sound of glass, the murmur of water, whisper, whistle, etc.) - for the study of auditory perception.
1. Anesthesia, or loss of sensation, can capture both individual types of sensitivity (partial anesthesia) and all types of sensitivity (total anesthesia).
2. The so-called hysterical anesthesia is quite common - the disappearance of sensitivity in patients with hysterical neurotic disorders (for example, hysterical deafness).
3. Hyperesthesia usually captures all spheres (the most common are visual and acoustic). For example, such patients cannot tolerate the sound of normal volume or not very bright light.
4. With hypoesthesia, the patient, as it were, does not clearly perceive the world around him (for example, with visual hypoesthesia, objects for him are devoid of colors, look shapeless and blurry).
5. With paresthesia, patients experience anxiety and fussiness, as well as increased sensitivity to skin contact with bed linen, clothing, etc.
A type of paresthesia is senestopathy - the appearance of rather ridiculous unpleasant sensations in various parts of the body (for example, a feeling of “transfusion” inside organs). Such disorders usually occur in schizophrenia.
Author: Vedekhina S.A.
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