Clinical psychology. Disturbances of consciousness and self-awareness (most important)

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Clinical psychology. Disturbances of consciousness and self-awareness (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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31. Violations of consciousness and self-consciousness

Before proceeding to the consideration of violations, let's define consciousness.

"Consciousness is the highest form of reflection of reality, a way of relating to objective laws."

To determine violations of consciousness, it is important to consider that the presence of one of the above signs does not indicate clouding of consciousness, so it is necessary to establish the totality of all these signs.

Consciousness disorders are divided into two groups.

1. States of switched off consciousness:

2. States of upset consciousness:

a) delirium;

b) oneiroid;

c) twilight disorder of consciousness. The states of consciousness turned off are characterized by a sharp increase in the threshold for all external stimuli. In patients, movements slow down, they are indifferent to the environment.

Delirium is characterized by a violation of orientation in space and time (not just disorientation occurs, but false orientation) with complete preservation of orientation in one’s own personality. In this case, scene-like hallucinations arise, usually of a frightening nature. As a rule, the delirious state occurs in the evening and intensifies at night.

Oneiroid is characterized by disorientation (or false orientation) in space, in time, and partially in one's own personality. In this case, patients have hallucinations of a fantastic nature.

After leaving the oneiroid state, patients usually cannot remember what really happened in that situation, but only remember the content of their dreams.

The twilight state of consciousness is characterized by disorientation in space, in time and in one's own personality. This state begins suddenly and ends just as suddenly. A characteristic feature of the twilight state of consciousness is the subsequent amnesia - the absence of memories of the period of obscuration. Often in a twilight state of consciousness, patients have hallucinations and delusions.

One of the types of twilight state is "ambulatory automatism" (it proceeds without delirium and hallucinations). Such patients, having left the house for a specific purpose, unexpectedly find themselves at the other end of the city (or even in another city). At the same time, they mechanically cross the streets, ride in transport, etc.

Author: Vedekhina S.A.

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