Homemade wind turbine. Electrical diagram of the installation. Scheme, description

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Homemade wind turbine. Electrical diagram of the installation. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The wires from the generator lead to the clamps of the pantograph. The wire attached to the generator housing is connected to an uninsulated clamp. The cross section of the wires should be about 4 mm2.

The wire running from the generator housing through the current collector to the base of the pole is brought down and grounded by connecting it to several pipes driven into the ground or to a metal sheet buried to a depth of 2 m in damp soil. A bare wire is suitable for grounding. The second wire is supplied from ring 60 (Fig. 10).

Homemade wind turbine. Electrical diagram of the installation
Fig.10. Pantograph

The cross section of each wire, depending on its length (i.e., from the distance of the generator to the battery), is taken from the table. 2.

Table 2

Parameter	Distance
Parameter	Until 15 m	15 to 25 m	25 to 40 m
Cross section of copper wire, mm2	6	9	12
Copper wire diameter, mm	2,7	3,4	4
Aluminum wire diameter, mm	3,5	4,5	2 wires of 3,5

On fig. 13 shows the wiring diagram. The dashed line shows the generator case. One of the excitation winding wires is connected to it (through fuse 1) and one of the armature wires. The second excitation wire is connected to the armature inside the generator, and an insulated wire is led out from the connection. This wire is connected to the insulated ring 2, and the wire from the body to the non-insulated ring 3. From these rings, the current flows through the wires to the switchboard, which is installed indoors near the batteries.

Homemade wind turbine. Electrical diagram of the installation
Fig.13. Electrical diagram of the installation. 1 - fuse; 2 and 3-current collector; 4 - relay.

The switchboard panel can be made from dry wood. Clamps for connecting wires must be made of copper with a rod diameter of at least 4 mm. If there are no good ready-made clamps, then you can replace them with copper or steel bolts. On the shield it is necessary to install a reverse current relay 4, an ammeter A for 20 or 15 A of an automotive type and several clamps for connecting batteries and lighting bulbs.

The purpose of the reverse current relay 4 is clear from its name: it allows the generator current to pass to the batteries and prevents it from flowing back from the batteries to the generator (if, for example, due to a decrease in wind speed and a decrease in the number of revolutions, the voltage at the generator terminals becomes lower than the voltage of the batteries). In addition, the relay automatically turns on the batteries for charging as soon as the generator voltage reaches a certain value. For 6-volt batteries (three cans of acid batteries) this voltage is about 7,3 V, and for 12-volt batteries it is about 14,5 V.

Relay for 6 or 12 b (in accordance with the voltage of the generator) must be obtained ready from the car. Its end with a plug is connected to the wire coming from the positive pole of the generator, and the end with a hole for the bolt is connected to the clamps on the shield. The relay housing is connected to the second wire of the generator.

Before installing the relay in place, it is necessary to check from a battery of batteries or dry cells with a voltage of 8 V. Two flexible conductors are connected to the relay; one to the relay body and the other to the plug end. A voltmeter with a scale of up to 8-10 V is connected to the same ends. Connecting the conductors in turn to the leads from the batteries or cells, that is, applying different voltages to the relay, they observe on the voltmeter at what voltage the relay turns on. A well-adjusted relay turns on at a voltage of 7,2-7,4 V.

Author: Perli S.B.

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