Homemade wind turbine. DC generator. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Homemade wind turbine. DC generator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The GAU-4101 and GAU-4684 generators used on the S-60, S-65 and SG-65 tractors are the most suitable for driving from this wind turbine. Both of these generators are low-speed and therefore allow them to be wired from a propeller (wings) worn directly on the generator shaft.

Generators used on other tractors or motor vehicles are usually faster, and therefore either it is necessary to put a special gear on them (which is often difficult to manufacture locally), or to take into account the fact that weak winds cannot spin the wind turbine up to the required number of revolutions, and therefore these winds will not be used. In this regard, the output of such a wind turbine can be reduced by 2-5 times compared to a wind turbine with a GAU-4101 or GAU-4684 generator.

By chance, DC generators from various unusable tractors and cars can be found. Some of these generators, such as four-pole generators up to 100 watts and up to 600 rpm, can be used. There may also be starter motors with thick wires in the armature and in the pole windings. But they cannot be applied without proper rewinding. Under the guidance of a specialist, a high-speed dynamo can also be rewound so that its number of revolutions decreases by 2-3 times. True, its power will decrease by almost the same amount. However, since the wind turbine generator is located outdoors and well ventilated, it can be loaded to normal power even after rewinding.

You can check how good such a random generator is by running it on battery power as an electric motor. In order not to burn the generator windings, a fuse should be included in the wire circuit, which can be made from a copper conductor with a diameter of 0,15-0,20 mm. It should be noted that a 6-volt generator with a power of about 80-100 W, operating as an electric motor from batteries with a voltage of about 9 V, will consume at least 6 and no more than 8 A at idle (if everything is working properly).

The number of revolutions in this case will be 40% less than if the same generator were rotated from some engine so that it would give the same current, charging 6-volt batteries.

The generator can also be checked by spinning it from some external drive. For this purpose, you can use an ordinary bicycle. In this case, the rear wheel with the bicycle frame is lifted above the floor, the frame is tightly fixed so that it remains stationary, and a pulley is put on the generator shaft, which is then pressed against the rear wheel tire. The generator speed is calculated as follows. First, they check what number of revolutions of the generator corresponds to one revolution of the bicycle pedals. Suppose tests have shown that one revolution of the pedals corresponds to 31 revolutions of the generator (this number is the gear ratio). After connecting a voltmeter to the generator, press the generator pulley against the tire of the bicycle wheel so that it does not slide on the tire. After that, they begin to rotate the connecting rod with pedals by hand and, looking at the voltmeter, count how many revolutions the connecting rod makes in half a minute when the generator gives a voltage of 6 V. Suppose, in 30 seconds. the connecting rod made 5,75 turns. Therefore, in a minute the connecting rod would make 11,5 revolutions. Multiplying this number by the gear ratio of 31, we get 11,5x31 = 356,5 rpm.

This result will show us that this generator is quite suitable for direct connection to a wind turbine with wings of 2 m, which gives up to 450 rpm. If the number of revolutions of the generator at the beginning of charging the batteries reaches 700 per minute, then the wind turbine must be with wings of 1,6 m. If the number of revolutions of the generator at the beginning of charging the batteries is more than 800 per minute, then it is necessary to enter a gear wings should be at least 1 m. Such a wind turbine can produce more power than a wind turbine with wings of 2,5 m. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarity of any wind turbine: with an increase in the wingspan, for example, by 2%, the wind turbine power increases by 1,6%; however, the speed is also reduced by 20%.

To obtain a sufficiently large number of revolutions, it is desirable to have a wind turbine with the smallest possible wingspan, but still such that its power is sufficient.

It has been established that the smaller the number of wings (with correctly made wings), the greater the number of revolutions the wind turbine develops. Therefore, in wind turbines with electric generators, when the greatest possible number of turns of the wings is necessary, usually only two wings are installed. But in order for these wings to give the appropriate number of revolutions, it is necessary to make them very carefully: to make their surface very smooth and to withstand the given angles of rotation of the wings.

It is recommended that you consult with a qualified electrician before making your final selection of a generator. Very often, to reduce the number of revolutions of the generator to the required limit, it is enough to switch the excitation windings by connecting them in parallel to each other. It happens that 12-volt high-speed generators have to be used to charge 6-volt batteries. To do this, it is enough to reduce the number of revolutions of such a generator by 2 times. Of course, it is most advantageous to take a generator that can operate without modifications from a wind turbine with wings of 2 m, put directly on its shaft. However, it is easier to find a generator of the GAU-4101 (or GAU-4684) type, which can be rotated from a wind turbine with 1,6 m wings directly mounted on its shaft.

Author: Perli S.B.

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