Homemade wind turbine. Pantograph. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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The purpose of the pantograph is to transfer current from the generator through the clamps, rings and wires to the batteries, regardless of the fact that, with a changing wind direction, the head with the generator can turn around the vertical axis of the riser.
Ring 58 of the current collector (Fig. 10) is made of brass or red copper and without any insulation is attached to the riser with a screw. You can even solder this ring with tin to pipe 44, since you never have to remove it. Then, an insulating ring 44 is tightly put on the pipe 59, the outer diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the current-carrying ring 58. The ring 59 is made of an insulating material that is quite easy to process and is not affected by dampness, for example, from rubber or even wood boiled in paraffin (first, wood is necessary cook in shape, and then boil it in paraffin).
In the pipe, below the ring 59, a hole with a diameter of 5-6 mm is drilled so that an insulated wire with a diameter of at least 60 mm can be passed through it to the copper ring 3. Ring 60 is mounted on a gasket that isolates it from pipe 44. A slot is made in it, to which the wire is soldered with tin. The place of soldering is cleaned in such a way that the outer surface of the ring is smooth. Ring 60 and the stripped end of the wire are separated by insulation from pipe 44 (you can use rubber from old galoshes for this). To prevent it from falling down, it is desirable to immediately put another insulating ring held by a third metal ring mounted on pipe 44.
Fig.10. Pantograph
The current from the generator is supplied to rings 58 and 60 from brushes 57. The latter are best prepared from old brushes (containing graphite and copper) from a generator. In the absence of such, they can be made of copper. The brushes are soldered in pairs to two brass springs of brush holders 56, which in turn are attached to two housing covers 48 and 49. The covers are made of roofing steel 0,6-0,9 mm thick. In the upper and lower parts of the covers, antennae are made and bent, to which the halves of the bottoms of the casing 50 are soldered or attached with small wire rivets.
On the casing covers 48 and 49 of the pantograph, screw clamps 55 are fixed to the brush holder springs. One of the terminals, from which current will flow to ring 58, can be placed without insulation; the other must be fixed on an insulating plate 53, which is best riveted with small rivets to the casing. In this case, the clamp should not touch the casing of the current collector.
The pantograph housing covers 48 and 49 have folds that are fastened to each other with small bolts 52. The brush holder springs must be separated so that the brushes are pressed quite tightly against the rings.
To prevent the casing from slipping, a thrust ring is placed under it on the riser (not shown in the drawings), and for its rotation together with the engine head, a hole is drilled in part 11 in a convenient place, into which the drive 51 connected to the casing is inserted (see Fig. 2 ). The walker can be made of wire with a diameter of 8 mm.
Fig.2. Wind turbine head UD-1,6
A wind turbine can be built without a pantograph. In this case, a tip 44 should not be put on the pipe 45, since the pipe rests on part 10 with its entire cross section. 12, but in such a way that the pipe 21 can freely pass through it with a gap of about 6-44 mm. In order to pass the wires into item 0,4, the hole for the cable is made equal to the inner diameter of the pipe; then the cable and wires will be able to pass into it, but the pipe will not fall into part 0,5, but will rely on it.
The wires from the generator must have a cross section of at least 4 mm2. One wire is taken with good rubber insulation, and the other, attached to the generator case, should only be flexible and strong enough (it may consist of several thin conductors). The length of both wires must be at least 3 m, so that they are not confused with the engine stop rod; for this purpose it is useful to place the rod in a separate tube. You can also lower the wires by twisting them into a cord and throwing them along the tail, and from there to the support pole.
If it is still possible, then it is better to make a pantograph, since the wires lowered down (without a pantograph) can fray. It is not always possible to get an insulated wire flexible enough with a cross section of at least 4 mm2.
Author: Perli S.B.
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