Carrying out work with increased danger. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Carrying out work with increased danger. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Given the great diversity high risk works, it is not possible to bring unified requirements for the safe conduct of work. It should only be noted that for each type of work performed, an appropriate instruction must be developed and approved in the prescribed manner. If there are standard instructions for performing this type of work, then they are the basis.

For example, the "Standard instruction for the organization of the safe conduct of hot work at explosive and explosive objects" (RD 09-364-00) establishes the basic requirements for the organization of the safe conduct of hot work at explosive and explosive, fire hazardous objects (production, workshops, departments, installations , warehouses, etc.) controlled by Rostekhnadzor. It determines the safe conduct of operations related to the use of open fire, sparking and heating to a temperature that can cause ignition of materials and structures (electric welding, gas welding, gas and kerosene cutting, soldering, mechanical processing of metal with the formation of sparks, etc.).

The safe conduct of gas-hazardous work is regulated by the "Standard Instruction for the Organization of the Safe Conduct of Gas-Hazardous Work" approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor of February 20, 1985.

The procedure for safe work at height is determined by POT RM 012-2000 "Intersectoral rules for labor protection when working at height".

The actions of the responsible manager of works with increased danger are approximately the same. Practice suggests that the typical duties of a high-risk work manager are as follows.

The manager responsible for the safe performance of work with increased danger:

carries out work management, ensuring the safe organization of work and the implementation of measures to prevent cases of industrial injuries and acute occupational diseases (poisoning, injuries);
determines the volume, time, duration and nature of the assigned work;
determines a list of dangerous and harmful factors that may be permanently or accidentally, as a result of erroneous or other unforeseen situations, temporarily or permanently present during the performance of work; assesses the degree of danger of their impact on the human body;
determines the list of personal and collective protective equipment necessary for the performance of assigned work, and provides employees with them, explaining the rules for using them;
determines the list of documents, instructions for operation and safe performance of work, technological, electrical or other diagrams, drawings, technical descriptions and other documentation necessary for the performance of work, and provides employees with them;
determines the list of materials, tools and instrumentation, mechanization and other devices, the use of which is associated with the production of work, and provides employees with them;
determines the quantitative and qualification composition of employees for the performance of assigned work;
conducts a special briefing with all employees, draws up a work permit;
does not allow to work persons who have not been trained, instructed, tested their knowledge and who do not have access to independent work;
allows for independent work only those employees who were present at the receipt of the work permit for the production of work;
carries out the necessary approvals in the prescribed form, organizes delivery to the place of work and explains to employees their duties, list, scope, nature and duration of work, work schedule, place and boundaries of work;
ensures the rational placement of machines and mechanisms, materials, spare parts, tools, devices at workplaces, does not allow clutter, littering of workplaces, passages and driveways;
acquaints employees with technological, electrical or other diagrams, drawings, technical descriptions and other documentation, materials, tools and instrumentation, machines and mechanisms and the procedure for their interaction, mechanization and other devices involved in the production of work, explains the rules and procedures their use;
explains to employees the procedure and rules for action in the event of emergency and emergency situations, dangerous or accidents, the rules for evacuation from the danger zone and first aid for the injured, the rules for using primary fire extinguishing equipment;
checks the availability and use by employees of overalls and safety shoes, personal protective equipment, means of monitoring the safety of the working environment, provided for by the rules, norms, instructions, and monitors their correct use;
carries out work only in accordance with the received work order and passport of work;
in accordance with the established procedure, carries out admission and proceeds with the production of work;
ensures compliance with the working day, labor and production discipline, rules of technical operation and safety in the performance of work, the management of machines and mechanisms, the production of various measurements, inspections of the condition of equipment, buildings and structures, movements by various modes of transport, the conduct of technological processes, or, depending on the nature of the work performed, other actions;
at the beginning, as well as during the performance of work, checks all workplaces, monitors the air environment, the condition of equipment, mechanisms, fixtures, fences, safety devices, communications and signaling equipment, fire protection equipment;
carries out direct management of work in the most difficult and dangerous places;
takes measures to eliminate violations and deviations identified during the performance of work; in case of impossibility of immediate elimination of violations, reports this to the higher management;
upon detection of violations that threaten the life and health of workers, stop work and take people out of the danger zone; notifies senior management;
in the event of emergency situations, including changes in the conditions and circumstances of the production of work, illness or violations of safety rules by employees, their manifestation of incompetence in the performance of assigned work, carries out the necessary coordination and adjustment of the composition and nature of work and the movement and rearrangement of employees;
suspends the performance of work in the event of a conflict with the requirements of existing regulatory documents or a threat to the safety of employees;
suspends the performance of work upon detection of malfunctions of equipment, buildings and structures, machines and mechanisms, tools and instrumentation, malfunctions or lack of overalls and nomenclature personal or collective protective equipment, in cases where such a failure does not pose a threat to the safety of workers;
after a visual inspection or - depending on the nature and category of work - instrumental measurements or appropriate tests, ascertains the completion of work, documents the completion of work, informs the relevant services and officials and evacuates employees from the place of work;
shows a personal example and high competence in unconditional compliance with the requirements of labor protection and production safety.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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