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Spotted orchis (spotted palmroot, salep, cuckoo's tears). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Orchis spotted (dactylorhithus spotted, salep, cuckoo's tears), Orchis maculata. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Orchis (Orchis)

Family: Orchids (Orchidaceae)

Origin: Orchis spotted comes from Europe and Western Asia.

Area: Spotted orchid grows in temperate climatic zones of Europe, Asia and North Africa.

Chemical composition: Spotted orchis contains glucosides, tannins, phenolic acids and other biologically active substances. In addition, the roots of this plant are used as food supplements and as a source of inulin.

Economic value: Orchid spotted is used as an ornamental plant in horticulture and landscaping. In folk medicine, it is prescribed to treat diseases of the genitourinary system, as well as to increase potency. Orchid roots are used in the food industry for the production of inulin, which can be used as a substitute for sugar and fatty additives in foods.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In some cultures, orchis is associated with erotic power and has been used as an aphrodisiac. In Greek mythology, orchis was considered a symbol of fertility and was used in rituals associated with the goddess of fertility and love, Aphrodite. In Egyptian mythology, the orchid was also associated with fertility and was associated with the goddess of fertility, Isis. Orchis may also be associated with beauty, due to its bright color and graceful flower shape.

Orchis spotted (dactylorhithus spotted, salep, cuckoo's tears), Orchis maculata. Description, illustrations of the plant

Orchis. Legends, myths, history

Popular names: Ivan's hands, orchid, cuckoo's tears. This is the name of herbaceous plants that mostly belong to one of the genera of the orchid family (mainly species with dark spots on the leaves).

In ancient manuscripts - las, lasis, imtelas.

The Germans believed that the orchid in bad weather calls for happiness.

And the ancient Itelmen legend says that the one who, with the sunrise, along with its first rays, enters the waters of the lake, along the banks of which the orchid blossoms, will find beauty, health and eternal youth.

They say that the heart of Prince Igor was forever given to a simple girl-carrier Olga, when she gave him a sprig of orchis.

In the Russian village there were customs of meetings and seeing off the seasons. On the eve of the red summer, they celebrated the last spring holiday - Ascension. From this day on, spring is asking for rest, giving way to summer. “And I would be glad to have spring in Rus' for centuries to come, and the ascension day will come, it will crow like a cuckoo, it will fill with a nightingale, it will be removed by the summer in its bosom” - was sentenced in ancient times.

Author: Martyanova L.M.

Orchis spotted (salep, cuckoo's tears), Orchis maculata L. Botanical description, range and habitats, chemical composition, application in medicine and industry

Perennial herbaceous plant with an underground root tuber, orchid family (Orchidaceae).

Stem single erect, 25-50 cm tall, bearing 4-8 leaves. Leaves are oblong-obovate, spotted, arcuately deflected.

The flowers are irregular, helmet-shaped, pinkish-lilac, collected in a cylindrical dense spike 5-15 cm long. The fruit is a box with numerous small seeds.

Flowering from May to July, fruiting in August.

Range and habitats. The range of the species stretches from the Atlantic coast of Europe to Central Siberia, the plant is also found in Northwest Africa. It occurs in the northern and central regions of the Non-Black Earth Region of Russia, reaching east to the Trans-Volga region.

Grows in damp mossy forests, wet meadows, clearings, often on sphagnum mosses.

Chemical composition. Root tubers contain mucus - 47-50%, starch - 27-31%, dextrin-13%, pentosans, methylpentosans, sucrose. Mucus consists predominantly of manan, a high molecular weight polysaccharide that hydrolyzes to 1-mannose. The aerial part of orchis contains the glycoside loroglossin, which breaks down into loroglossigenin and glucose. In addition, orchis root tubers contain bitter substances and essential oil.

The tubers are dug up during flowering or immediately after flowering, when the flower arrow has not yet fallen off. For medical purposes, only young tubers are used. The collected tubers are cleaned from the ground, washed, peeled, strung on a string and immersed in boiling water for several minutes to prevent germination. Dry in the air, hanging on threads. With this method of processing, the tubers lose their bitter taste and unpleasant odor.

Dried tubers are light yellow in color, horn-shaped, somewhat translucent, heavy, dense, 4 cm long, 0,5-2 cm across, odorless. In raw materials, moisture for whole roots is allowed no more than 13%, for powder 10%, darkened roots in the composition of raw materials should not be more than 3%. They are stored in pharmacies in well-corked jars, in warehouses - in bags.

Application in medicine. Orchid tuber roots, due to the content of mucus, have enveloping properties. Orchid mucus is used for inflammatory diseases of the digestive system - colitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer. It is also used for catarrhs ​​of the upper respiratory tract and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Orchid mucus prevents the absorption of substances from the gastrointestinal tract. It is used for poisoning with various toxic substances, especially excreted through the intestines.

Authors Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.

Orchis. Classification, synonyms, botanical description, nutritional value, cultivation

In Asia Minor, various types of edible orchis are used as a food plant.

In Turkey, Iran, Greece, a product called "salep" is prepared from orchid tubers.

After drying, the tubers acquire a brown-yellow color and a specific smell. They are processed into jelly and dough, which is added to chocolate, tubers and soups. They contain 5% protein and 48% mucous substances, 25% starch.

In the Caucasus, some species of orchid are also eaten.

Edible orchis species are: Orchis mas cula L., O. Morio L. O. militaris L., O. latifolia L., O. coriophora L., O. tongicrurus L., O. pyramidalis L., O. ustutata L. .

Plants of this genus are distinguished by a peculiar arrangement of flowers. There is only one stamen in the flower, fused with the style; it has two nests, which gives the impression that the stamen has two anthers. Flowers are arranged in racemes or spikelets.

O. Morio L. - has purple-red or white flowers, their wings are dotted with green speckles.

Another species - O. militaris L. - a beautiful plant with dense tassels of brown flowers. Both the first and the second have two tubers. In the wild, they grow in dry meadows and forest edges.

The local population of the eastern regions of Madagascar eat tubers of the species Cynorchis flexuosa Lindley, Lissochilus Livingstonianus Reich, and Eulophia plantaginea Rolfe.

A number of edible plants of this family grow in Australia. In Cymbidium canaliculatum R. Brown and Dendrobium speciosum Smith, false bulbs are eaten. The tubers of the Australian species of the genera Dipodium, Diuris, Geodorum, Lyperanthus, Microtis, prosophyllum, Pterostylis and Thetymitra are also edible.

In Tasmania, tubers of the so-called "local potato" (Native potato) - Gatrodia sesamoides R. Brown are used for food.

Author: Ipatiev A.N.

Orchid spotted. The value of the plant, the procurement of raw materials, the use in traditional medicine and cooking

This forest grass is a true unique mid-latitude. She stands out among the green girlfriends and her appearance is quite unusual, and a rare healing power. Take a look at the emerald glades at the end of spring: among the thickening herbage, it is easy to find a straight stem with spotted flowers collected in a brush and oblong, also spotty, leaves.

First of all, a purple flower is striking, exactly copying a tropical orchid. True, orchids are majestic, large and luxurious, because their homeland is the tropics, and orchids are much more modest and unprepossessing. But he is also an orchid, only northern. One of the six petals hints at a relationship with brilliant flowers - it hangs down with a lip, a spur is visible at the base.

Orchid leaves resemble tulip leaves in shape and arrangement. And, like the latter, they are devoid of pubescence. And does the settler of wet forest glades need devices against water loss! And why are there black-brown spots on orchis leaves? Their purpose is most likely connected with the need of this plant for additional heat. Spotted leaves, of course, warm up more than solid green ones. Well-warmed leaves increase the amount of evaporated water absorbed by the roots. The more water the plant evaporates, the more nutrients enter its organs. It turns out that additional heating of the leaves is beneficial for the orchid.

Orchis flowers are collected in a spikelet. This makes them more visible to insects. Moreover, their variegated coloration also attracts six-legged pollinators. So bumblebees and flies flock to the pretty grass, sitting down on the lower petal. Numerous stripes and spots on the petals - a kind of "honey marks"; show the winged guests the direction to the delicacies accumulated for them.

An insect that has crouched on a lip-petal needs to pierce the fleshy wall of the spur, and only then will access to the sweet juice open. Getting juice from a flower, a bumblebee or a fly is rewarded with two "pollen clubs" - polylines, with which it flies to another flower. So, pilgrimage through the plants, six-legged gourmets pollinate the spotted orchis, which without their participation could not reproduce.

Orchid fruits - small boxes crack with six slits to release many small seeds. This usually happens at the beginning of August, when, in fact, the harvesting of salep begins. During the year, each stem acquires a new juicy tuber or thick palmate root. They are needed for drug collection.

The spotted orchis (Orchis musculata) has many beautiful, and even fragrant related herbs. Take, for example, a two-leafed love - this is also a northern orchid. When lyubka blooms, the forest seems to be filled with its subtle, delicate fragrance. It smells especially strongly at night, for which it is nicknamed violet. It grows in deciduous and mixed forests, among shrubs, and occasionally in meadows. This plant needs the most stringent protection from poachers. After all, as soon as the lilies of the valley come down, the plunderers of forest gifts are mistaken for love. There is no sense in such bouquets, and the plant suffers from callous hands. Endangered and rare herbs need an exceptionally reasonable attitude, otherwise the forest will lose its innermost inhabitants.

The appearance of the orchis is original, but it is interesting not for flowers, but for tubers. Yes, our grass has tubers, and not one, but two: old, last year, and young - just emerging. It is in the tubers that miraculous substances are concentrated, generously endowed with nutritional and medicinal properties. In medical practice, tubers, in a different way cones, orchis have long been known as salep. There are salep round, up to one and a half centimeters in diameter, and palmate - elongated and thin. It is believed that it is preferable to collect round roots.

Salep is rich in starch, dextrin, proteins, sugar and a wide range of other nutrients and healing substances that have a beneficial effect on the human body. But mucus is especially valuable, which helps preparations from orchis to envelop the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore close ulcers and inflammations from excessive irritation. That is why salep is used for ulcers, gastritis, dysentery and some poisonings. They also use it to restore lost strength, after a debilitating illness, from exhaustion, as well as to maintain a cheerful, cheerful state of health.

Salep tubers have been known in medicine for a long time. Recognized spotted orchis and pharmacies in other countries. Among the common people, salep has been used since time immemorial and it was called a kissel root: it was used by peasants to prepare health-improving kissels and soups. After all, only forty grams of powder from crushed tubers compensate a person for the daily norm of nutrients. Salep was also widely used for diseases of the stomach, for diarrhea (which is why the orchis was also called the ovary root), and for consumption.

They go for the orchis in the forest in the declining summer, when the grass remains with fruits and coarsened leaves. The collected young tubers are shaken off the ground, then cleaned from above-ground grass, roots and upper skin. At home they are washed and strung on threads. So that the tubers do not germinate, but at the same time they discourage the unpleasant smell and bitterness, these monists are immersed in boiling water for 3-4 minutes, after which the raw materials are hung in the shade for drying (best of all in the attic or in a warm room). The finished salep consists of firm, translucent tubers, slightly yellowish and wrinkled in appearance. Today, unauthorized harvesting of salep is prohibited: in many places the orchid tree needs protection. Take care of this legendary flower, it brings great joy to your native forest to all true friends of wildlife.

In the southern regions, local orchid trees are on the verge of extinction. No wonder some of them ended up in the Red Book. It says that the spherical, helmet-bearing, slumber, purple, elderberry and rustic orches cannot be torn at all. Unlike the spotted orchis, which is still quite common in the forest, they are rare and need the strictest protection. With regard to these orchids, both the collection of flowers and the digging of plants are strictly prohibited. Remember: nature is generous only for those who protect it.

Author: Strizhev A.N.

Orchis spotted (dactylorhithus spotted, salep, cuckoo's tears), Orchis maculata. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Cough and breathing problems: take 1-2 grams of dried orchid spotted roots and infuse in 200 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes. Filter and drink 1-2 times a day.
• Insomnia and nervous tension: take 1 gram of dried orchid spotted roots and infuse in 200 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes. Filter and drink before bed.
• Stomach upset: take 1 gram of dried orchid spotted roots and infuse in 200 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes. Filter and drink 2-3 times daily before meals.
• Diseases of the urinary tract: take 1 gram of dried orchid spotted roots and infuse in 200 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes. Filter and drink 2-3 times a day.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: mix 1 tablespoon of warm water with 1 teaspoon of orchid spotted powder. Add 1 tablespoon of honey and stir until you get a smooth paste. Apply the mask on your face and leave for 15 minutes. Then wash off with warm water.
• Acne Treatment: Mix 1 teaspoon of orchis powder with 1 tablespoon of warm water. Add 1 teaspoon of turmeric and stir until smooth. Apply the mixture on problem areas of the skin and leave for 15 minutes. Then wash off with warm water.
• Pigmentation remover: Mix 1 teaspoon orchis powder with 1 tablespoon aloe vera gel. Apply the mixture on your face and leave it on for 20 minutes. Then wash off with warm water.
• Skin moisturizer: Mix 1 tablespoon coconut oil with 1 teaspoon orchid spotted powder. Apply to face and leave on for 15-20 minutes. Then wash off with warm water.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Orchis spotted (dactylorhithus spotted, salep, cuckoo's tears), Orchis maculata. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Spotted orchis (Orchis maculata) is a perennial plant native to Europe and Asia. Its roots are used in folk medicine to treat a number of ailments, including strengthening the immune system. However, due to the fact that this is a rare species, growing spotted orchid at home is not recommended.

Tips for harvesting and storing orchid spotted roots:

Workpiece:

• It is recommended to collect the roots of the orchis spotted during the flowering period of the plant, which falls on May-June.
• The roots should be cleaned of dirt and air-dried.
• After drying, the roots can be cut into pieces and stored in closed containers.

Storage:

• Dry orchid roots can be stored in a cool and dry place for several years.
• It is recommended to store the roots in dark containers to prevent deterioration in quality.

It should be borne in mind that the cultivation of rare plant species without special knowledge and permission can lead to harm to the ecosystem, therefore it is not recommended to grow spotted orchis at home. Also, before using the roots of orchis spotted for medicinal purposes, you should consult a specialist for advice.

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