Small hydropower. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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One of the most effective directions for the development of alternative energy is the use of the energy of small watercourses with the help of micro and small hydro power plants (HPP). The energy potential of small hydropower in Russia exceeds the potential of such renewable energy sources as wind, solar and biomass combined.
Modern hydropower, in comparison with other traditional types of electric power industry, is the most economical and environmentally friendly way to generate electricity. Small HPPs make it possible to preserve the natural landscape and the environment not only during the operation phase, but also during the construction process. During the operation of small hydroelectric power plants, there is no negative impact on water quality: it does not lose its original natural properties and can be used for water supply to the population. Fish are preserved in the rivers. Unlike other environmentally friendly alternative sources of electricity (such as the sun, wind), small hydropower is practically independent of weather conditions and is able to provide a stable supply of cheap electricity to the consumer at any time of the year.
The list of potential energy sources for small hydropower is unusually wide. These are small rivers, streams, natural height differences on lake spillways and on irrigation canals of irrigation systems. Turbines of mini hydroelectric power plants can be used as energy absorbers at the height differences of drinking and other pipelines intended for pumping various types of liquid products. Installation of small hydropower units is possible on technological watercourses, such as industrial and sewer discharges.
Small hydropower facilities are conditionally divided into two types: "mini" (provide a unit power of up to 5000 kW) and "micro" (operate in the range from 1 to 100 kW). The use of hydroelectric power plants of such capacities is not at all new for Russia, but a well-forgotten old one: until the 1960s. Several thousand small hydroelectric power stations operated in Russia.
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