Business planning. Primary documents of the financial plan. Purpose, structure and calculation methods of the main documents of the financial plan (the most important)

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Business planning. Primary documents of the financial plan. Purpose, structure and calculation methods of the main documents of the financial plan (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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17. PRIMARY DOCUMENTS OF THE FINANCIAL PLAN. PURPOSE, STRUCTURE AND METHODOLOGY OF CALCULATION OF THE MAIN DOCUMENTS OF THE FINANCIAL PLAN

To draw up a financial plan, the following primary documents are used - sources of information:

▪ management accounting tables with aggregated financial data;

▪ contracts (terms of contracts, terms of payment);

▪ macroeconomic indicators of inflation and lending rates;

▪ tax legislation (tax rates and mechanisms);

▪ information on possible volumes of attracting external financing;

▪ data from marketing research on product sales volumes and prices, data from the strategic marketing plan;

▪ data from suppliers on prices for raw materials, materials, equipment;

▪ data from equipment manufacturers on technical performance characteristics;

▪ labor market data on wages by specialty. It is possible to draw up an operational plan as a source of information. The operating plan reflects the results of the interaction between the company and its target markets for each product and market for a certain period. At the company, this document is developed by the marketing service. The set of indicators of the operational plan shows what market share is occupied by the company for each product and what share is expected to be won in the future. Indicators are determined for each type of product, which allows them to be compared.

Basic documents of the financial plan are made up of a bunch balance sheets - financial results - cash flow. The elements of this bundle correspond to three main types of financial plans (reports) and three main accounting forms:

a) balance plan-report (form No. 1);

b) plan-report on financial results (form No. 2);

at) plan-report on cash flows (form No. 4).

Report plans reflect the essence of the information contained in them, and accounting forms are a form of displaying such information, approved by the Ministry of Finance for reporting enterprises of the Russian Federation.

In fact three main report plans reflect: a) assets in terms of structure and sources of formation of assets;

b) income, expenses and financial results; c) cash receipts and payments, balance and cash deficit/surplus. From the contents of these three main elements of the financial plan, many financial and economic indicators can be calculated. Accounting reporting forms approved by the Ministry of Finance can be used to connect data from the main documents of the financial plan and accounting (reporting), but you cannot rely on them when making calculations, since their structure does not always meet the needs of the enterprise in terms of presenting financial information for making management decisions .

Traditionally, the preparation of basic financial plans begins with the preparation of a cash flow plan, and ends with the preparation of a forecast balance sheet. The calculation method follows from the article-by-article content of the tables.

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