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Investments. The concept of an investment project, content, classification (the most important)

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CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT PROJECT, CONTENT, CLASSIFICATION

Investment project - a comprehensive action plan aimed at creating a new or reconstructing existing production of goods and services in order to achieve the strategic goals of the company, obtaining economic and other positive effects.

Under investment project in a narrow sense, a set of documents containing a reasonable goal of the forthcoming activity and certain measures aimed at achieving it is understood.

Therefore, the "investment project" can be interpreted as:

1) an activity or event that involves the implementation of a set of actions that ensure the achievement of certain goals (obtaining certain results);

2) a system that includes a certain set of organizational, legal, settlement and financial documents necessary for carrying out any actions or describing such actions.

It reveals the capabilities of the company (summary), types of goods (services), markets for goods (services), competition in the markets, marketing plan, production plan, financial plan.

Classification of the investment project:

1) by the number of participants and the degree of influence on the world around:

▪ small projects - plans to expand production and the range of products. They have short lead times;

▪ medium projects - projects for reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities. Implemented in stages, by production, according to developed schedules for the receipt of all resources;

▪ large projects - objects of large enterprises, based on the idea of ​​industrial production of products necessary to meet demand;

▪ megaprojects - targeted investment programs containing projects interconnected by the final product. There are international, state, regional;

▪ global projects, their implementation affects the economic, social or environmental situation on Earth;

▪ large-scale projects, their implementation affects the economic, social or environmental situation in other countries;

▪ regional, city (industry) scale projects, their implementation affects the economic, social and environmental situation in a certain region, but does not affect the situation in other regions;

2) by main areas of activity: social; economic; organizational; technical; mixed;

3) by duration: short-term (up to 3 years); medium-term (3-5 years); long-term (over 5 years);

4) by complexity: simple; complex; very complex.

Author: Kuznetsova S.A.

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