Investments. Investor leverage (most important)

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Investments. Investor leverage (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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INVESTOR LOANS

The attracted funds of investors consist of borrowed funds, bank loans, borrowed funds of other organizations, as well as equity participation in construction, budget and extra-budgetary funds, etc. Investors take into account borrowed funds until they are repaid (repaid), depending on the period of their use. Investors take borrowed funds from the population or directly by selling bonds or resorting to the services of intermediaries - banks.

One of the most common ways to attract borrowed funds is long-term lending of capital investments. Important for the borrower is the level of discount interest, which is determined by the supply and demand for loan capital, the amount of interest on deposits, the inflation rate in the country, and investors' expectations regarding the prospects for economic development.

The interest charged by banks is differentiated depending on the terms and sizes of loans, their security, the form of lending, the degree of credit risk, etc. The need for a long-term loan stems from the discrepancy between the funds available to the enterprise and the need for them to expand production. This enables the borrower to receive money before he can withdraw it from circulation after the sale of the goods. The advantage of this method is related to the repayment of funds, it implies the relationship between the actual payback of capital costs and the return of a long-term loan on time.

Businesses can use the investment tax credit, which is a tax deferral. It can be provided both for the profit (income) tax of the enterprise, and for regional and local taxes. The decision to grant it is made by the federal executive authorities; in the part coming to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation - by the financial authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The investment tax credit is provided on the terms of urgency, repayment and payment.

Another means of borrowing is the pledge of immovable property for the purpose of obtaining a loan, in which the lender has the right to retain the pledged property in case of non-payment of the debt (mortgage). Mortgage lending is based on traditional principles: urgency, repayment, payment, and special importance is attached to its targeted nature and security.

The debtor receives a loan and has the opportunity to keep the mortgaged property without risking the rest of the property. The lender gets the option of repaying the loan.

Mortgaged real estate can continue to generate income: to be rented out, used as a production facility, etc.

Author: Kuznetsova S.A.

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