Investments. Financial investments (most important)

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Investments. Financial investments (most important)

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FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS

Financial investments - investments in shares, bonds, other securities, assets of other enterprises, deposit accounts in a bank at certain interest rates, debt rights.

When making portfolio investments, the investor increases his financial capital, receiving dividends - income on securities.

The concept of "financial investment" is often identified with the concept of "portfolio investment", which can be defined as a purposefully formulated set of investments in securities (government bond, promissory note, share, check, bond, certificate of deposit and savings, bill of lading, bank savings book to bearer and etc.).

A common type of securities in the Russian Federation are shares.

Promotion - issuance security that secures the rights of its owner (shareholder) to receive part of the profit of the joint-stock company in the form of dividends, manage the joint-stock company and have a part of the property remaining after its liquidation. Distinctive features of shares are their perpetuity, direct participation of the shareholder in investments and the right to receive income on invested capital, which is directly dependent on the results of management.

Shares are:

▪ simple share - an equity security that secures the shareholder's rights to receive part of the profit of the joint-stock company (JSC) in the form of dividends and appreciation upon its sale.

▪ preferred share - a security that provides the investor with guaranteed dividends (established upon issue of shares) and preferential rights to receive part of the property upon liquidation of the company (compared to other shareholders).

Bonds are the second most common type of securities.

Bond

▪ an issue-grade security that secures the rights of its holder to receive from an element of the bond, within the period specified by it, its nominal value and the percentage of this value or the property equivalent fixed in it.

The following types of income are received on bonds: quarterly, annual (or other periodicity) interest payments; income in the form of a discount, when a security is placed at a price below its par value and is redeemed at its par value (zero coupon bonds).

Portfolio investments in the enterprise include investments in the purchase of securities (shares of other commercial organizations, bonds, other securities):

1) risk-free;

2) low-risk;

3) investments in the assets of other enterprises: manufacturing enterprises; financial and credit institutions; other commercial organizations.

Author: Kuznetsova S.A.

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