Fire on the train. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Fire on the train. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

The main reasons that can cause burning passenger car, can be divided into two groups: the first - malfunctions in the heating system and electrical equipment, the second - violation of the rules for their operation.

The first group includes: short circuits, overloads in electrical wiring and electrical equipment, lack of insulation at the points of attachment of electrical wiring, friction of wires on metal switchboards, moisture on electrical wiring, contact of contacts with foreign metal objects.

The most common violations of the rules for the operation of heating systems and electrical equipment are as follows: the establishment of "bugs"; turned on devices left unattended, electric heaters of water-filling pipes, ventilation, boiler and other equipment; storage in niches of switchboards, in automation devices, in ventilation ducts, in boiler rooms of flammable objects; use for lighting high power lamps; the use of open fire for heating water-filled pipes in winter; operation of boilers and boilers without water; drying firewood, boards and other combustible materials near heating and electric heaters; the use of flammable liquids for melting boilers (kerosene, gasoline, oil, etc.); the assumption of accumulations of dust and dirt on electrical equipment; using candles to illuminate the room without glass lanterns.

A fire in a train car does not occur immediately. When overloaded, the electrical wires gradually heat up, and the characteristic smell of burnt rubber appears. In cases of weak contacts in the mains, local heating of terminals, fuses, switch packs, etc. occurs, as well as a characteristic smell. Therefore, when odors appear - harbingers of fire and insulation destruction - it is necessary to find their source and take the necessary measures.

During the flight, the exactingness of the attendants to the passengers should be increased. It is forbidden to smoke in all areas of passenger cars, with the exception of a non-working vestibule.

All evacuation exits of wagons during the movement of the train must be constantly free. It is not allowed to clutter up vestibules and aisles of cars with things and luggage.

All passenger cars must be equipped with primary fire extinguishing equipment. These include: one (two in cars with combined electric-coal heating) carbon dioxide fire extinguisher type OU-2, OU-5 or OU-8 (it is installed near the switch cabinet in the service room or in the oblique corridor); one foam fire extinguisher OHP-10 (in the small corridor from the non-working vestibule); ax and shovel.

In the event of a fire in the carriage, the conductor of the passenger carriage or the director of the dining carriage must immediately stop the train. When the stop valve is broken, it must be remembered that it is forbidden to stop the train on the bridge, in the tunnel, in the hollow, on the aqueduct and in other places where the evacuation of passengers and extinguishing the fire will be difficult.

Next, the conductor is obliged to proceed with the evacuation of all passengers from the car, avoiding panic: for this, he notifies all passengers about the fire and indicates the evacuation procedure. Then the conductor must call the head of the train, turn off the electric heating devices, open the vestibule doors and proceed to extinguish the fire with all the means at his disposal. All employees of the train crew must arrive at the burning car with fire extinguishers and get involved in the work of evacuating passengers and extinguishing the fire. It should be noted that entering a burning car should be in a gas mask, for which the train must have at least two gas masks of an industrial type.

If it is impossible to extinguish the fire on their own and means, the head of the train, through the locomotive brigade and the train dispatcher, must call the nearest fire train or the nearest territorial fire department. In addition, the head of the train must require the driver to remove the voltage from the contact network, as well as take measures to uncouple the cars and remove the burning car to a distance that excludes the possibility of transferring fire to neighboring cars or those located near buildings and structures.

Passengers are evacuated to neighboring cars and to the side opposite the railway track. In the event of a fire in the middle of the car, evacuation is carried out through both vestibules; in the event of a fire in the extreme compartments, vestibule or boiler room, people are evacuated through the vestibule of the next car that is the most remote from the fire.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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