State of the biosphere and human health. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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State of the biosphere and human health. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Activities and recreation take place in continuous interaction with environment. In the "man - habitat" system, a person chooses a place of residence, type of activity, conditions for recreation, thereby determining for himself the habitat.

For a rural dweller, the habitat is a zone of productive activity with agricultural tools, as well as housing and the natural environment. Residents of the city are characterized by a consistent stay in the household (50-60%), urban (10-15%) and industrial (25-30%) environment.

Each habitat is characterized by a complex of chemical, physical and biological factors affecting a person (temperature and humidity, illumination, atmospheric air composition, levels of electromagnetic and radiation exposure, noise and vibration levels, viruses, bacteria, etc.). Together or separately, they have a beneficial or negative effect on human performance and health. Noise and gas pollution, a high level of electromagnetic interference from antennas, repeaters and power lines, various bacteria and viruses, polluted water, the presence of pesticides in the air, odors, allergens and much more negatively affect.

Being at home, a person feels cozy (comfortable) if the air temperature is 22-24 ° C at a humidity of 40-60%, if the room is well lit and there are no smells, noises, vibrations in it. Any deviations from comfortable conditions are accompanied by a violation of the psychophysical state and working capacity of a person, and with prolonged exposure to adverse factors, health disorders may occur.

In the conditions of a city, especially a large one, the cause of discomfort and disease is the gas and dust content of the atmospheric air, the high level of noise and vibration, household and industrial waste, pollution of the earth's surface and water bodies. The urban environment is dangerous. Of particular concern is the high rate of injuries and deaths in road traffic accidents.

The complex of negative factors of the production environment is characterized by diversity and a high level of impact on a working person. The most common factors include gas contamination and dustiness of the air in the working area, unfavorable temperature conditions, increased noise, insufficient lighting, heavy physical work, and increased vibrations.

Occupational diseases, injuries, poisoning and death of people are inevitable if safety requirements are observed in the working environment.

Every year in Russia, the total number of injuries at work is 400, of which 8000 are injuries that led to death. Occupational diseases are annually received by 11 people.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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