Chemical current sources. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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This type of current sources includes galvanic cells and batteries.
Galvanic cells. In this form of current sources, electrical energy is generated due to chemical reactions. This electrical device is a container made of zinc, in which a carbon rod is placed, wrapped in a cloth bag. The bag, in turn, is filled with a mixture of coal and manganese oxide. The role of the liquid in this galvanic cell is played by a thick paste mixed with ammonia. The zinc container is placed in a cardboard box, filled with a layer of resin on top. A small hole is arranged in the resin, into which the gases formed during the operation of the element escape.
The carbon rod has a clamp that serves as a positive pole, the negative pole in this case is a zinc container. A battery can be made up of several of these elements. Then the carbon rod of the first element will be connected to the zinc container of the second, and the second carbon rod to the container of the third. From the zinc container of the first element and the carbon rod of the third, wires are drawn, on which two metal plates are fixed, which are the poles of the battery. The first plate is a negative pole, the second is a positive one.
Accumulators. Galvanic cells have a very short service life. Over time, their electrodes fail and the solution ends. All these materials have to be replaced with new ones. Batteries are the most suitable for this purpose. They are energy accumulators and are based on the principle of reversibility of chemical reactions.
The most common are acid batteries. The battery plates are made of lead in the form of grids and covered with an active mass.
The plates, which are the positive pole of the battery, are a series of parallel, vertically fastened ribs fastened together, which form cells. An active mass consisting of lead oxide is placed in these cells.
The negative plates are made in the form of a lead grid with cells filled with an active mass of pure lead.
Sulfuric acid dissolved in water is used as a solution in batteries.
Each battery has its own passport, which indicates the current limits for charging and discharging.
Author: Smirnova L.N.
Read more about batteries and chargers.
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