Thomson effect. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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The effect was predicted by the English physicist W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in 1856. It was experimentally discovered by the French physicist J. Leroux.
The essence of the effect is as follows. If there is a temperature difference (T2 - T1) along the wire through which the electric current flows, then in addition to the Joule heat, a certain amount of heat is released or absorbed in the volume of the conductor (depending on the direction of the current).
Qs = S(T2 - T1)It,
where S is the Thomson coefficient depending on the material and the absolute temperature; I - current; t - time. The Thomson coefficients are given in the table for various metals at various absolute temperatures.
To convert these coefficients to μcal / deg, you need to multiply the number in the table by 0,239. The Thomson coefficient has a "+" sign when the direction of the heat flow coincides with the direction of the current.
See other articles Section Electricity for beginners.
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