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Shift work is harmful to health

25.10.2023

Swedish researchers from the Institute of Stress at Stockholm University have found that shift work can have a negative impact on human health. In their new study, they compared different forms of such work, including traditional shifts and shortened working hours.

The results showed that regardless of the form of shift work, all groups faced similar health problems, including stress, sleep disturbances and chronic fatigue. These factors can lead to serious consequences such as cancer and imbalance between personal and professional life.

Based on the findings, the researchers emphasize the need to create favorable working conditions for workers with non-standard schedules, including a ban on consecutive night shifts and the introduction of mandatory regular breaks.

Such measures are aimed at minimizing the harmful effects of shift work on health and ensuring a balance between work and personal life of workers.

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Scientists brought together identically charged particles 21.02.2023

It is likely that the charged particles are reluctant to react with each other because they are repelled electrostatically. However, scientists have discovered how to bring them closer. The new method can speed up the reaction by up to 5 million times, according to the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

Thanks to the research of an international group with the participation of Poles, the rate of chemical reactions in aqueous solutions can be controlled in a new way. It is enough to add particles of opposite charge to the solution, which will force the previously disgusting reagents to approach each other. The use of molecules with a high charge density can speed up the reaction up to 5 million times.

The synthesis of new compounds or the production of materials is extremely complex at the molecular level.

Two molecules with the same charge repel each other, so they rarely react with each other. This reaction may take days, weeks, or even longer. However, this time can be greatly reduced by using the right conditions or by adding different chemicals. Examples include natural catalysts such as enzymes or synthetic nanozymes that mimic natural or metal based catalysts commonly used in industry. Regardless of the type of catalyst, each of them accelerates only selected chemical reactions.

The study concerned the reaction between negatively charged molecules of coenzyme A in the aquatic environment. These particles repel each other.

Although coenzyme A molecules interact with each other, their interaction is much slower in water than in organic solvents. The scientists investigated the effect of adding compounds with opposite charges to speed up the reaction.

The influence of molecules of different sizes and charge values, such as ions, amphiphilic molecules, monomers, oligomers, polymers, and even micelles, was also tested.

When the corresponding positively charged micelles were introduced into the system, the reaction rate increased by a factor of 5 million. Monomers, oligomers and polymers speed up the reaction by 103-105 times, while ions or amphiphilic molecules "only" about a thousand times.

The action of coenzyme A (CoA) or methylmaleimide-substituted coenzyme A (CoA-M) on compounds with opposite charges disrupts the repulsion between negatively charged CoA and CoA-M molecules. Under certain conditions, the convergence of negatively charged particles of a certain concentration occurs. The added compound shields the repulsive forces of the molecules, making this process a special case of catalysis.

The scientists also tested this phenomenon with DNA hybridization, which is an ion-sensitive process. This process was chosen to determine if the proposed effect works for more complex reactions. It turned out that here, too, positively charged compounds significantly accelerate the rate of hybridization.

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