Investments. Budget financing of investments (most important)

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Investments. Budget financing of investments (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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BUDGET FINANCING OF INVESTMENTS

Budget funds are considered to be a progressive mechanism for the centralized influence of the state on the paths and rates of development of national economies. The instruments of the state are: tax, budgetary mechanisms, monetary policy.

Tax incentives free up investments for enterprises that are necessary to accelerate development - replenishment of fixed and working capital. Centralized procurement and financing accelerate the implementation of large investment projects, improve socio-economic infrastructure, and accelerate scientific and technological progress by financing scientific and educational institutions. Monetary policy regulates the money supply in the economy, significantly influencing the pace of its development, the value of interest rates, the exchange rate of the national currency.

Financing from the budget is inherent in the principles:

▪ maximum economic and social effect with minimum costs. Budgetary funds should be provided if the relevant project provides the greatest impact;

▪ targeted use of budget resources;

▪ provision of budget funds to business entities to the extent that the plan is fulfilled and taking into account the use of previously allocated appropriations.

Budget financing can be returnable and irrevocable. Irrevocable financing is carried out with the aim of developing new areas of production activity. Budgetary funds are directed to the implementation of conversion, defense, environmental and other facilities that are not designed for commercial return or its quick receipt.

Return financing is focused on the commercial effect of the ongoing investment project. Any support from the state is needed in the early stages of the project. Therefore, returnable budgetary financing is represented by a system of benefits (tax, credit), which are of a temporary nature. Favorable indicators of the development of society and economic relations depend on the growth of effective investment investments that create competition. Therefore, a base of methods is needed, which is focused on increasing the efficiency of investments in the real sector of the economy.

The efficiency of investment investments is ensured by the acceleration of their turnover, the reduction of their costs and the increase in useful returns. But not all of these investment efficiency drivers are favorable under the same conditions. For example, the possibility of a quick turnover of invested funds appears in the non-productive sphere (commerce, etc.). Although the creation of competition, the growth of production and volumes, the improvement of the living standards of citizens determine the essence of the effectiveness of investments.

Author: Kuznetsova S.A.

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