Investments. Concept and types of securities (the most important)

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Investments. Concept and types of securities (the most important)

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CONCEPT AND TYPES OF SECURITIES

Security paper - a financial instrument that certifies the property right or loan relationship of the owner of the document to the person who issued such a document (issuer). The owner does not have the capital itself, but there are rights to it, fixed in the form of a security.

Types of securities:

1) by form of ownership: government securities (types of bonds); non-government securities are put into circulation by corporations, individuals;

2) by the nature of negotiability: market; non-market, when circulation is limited and they cannot be sold to anyone other than the one who issued them;

3) by risk level: risky; low-risk;

4) by the presence of income: non-profitable, when the amount of income of its owner is not specified when issuing securities; profitable;

5) by the form of capital investment (capital is invested in debt or for the acquisition of property rights):

▪ debt - issued for a limited period with a return of invested funds (bonds, bank certificates, bills, etc.);

▪ option - an agreement under which one of the parties has the right, but not the obligation, to sell (buy) the corresponding asset from the other party within a certain period at the price established at the conclusion of the agreement, with payment for this right of a certain amount of money, called a premium;

▪ owner's shares - give ownership rights to the relevant assets (shares, warrants, bills of lading, etc.);

6) by economic nature:

▪ share through which a contribution is made to the authorized capital of the joint-stock company;

▪ bond - a single debt obligation to return the invested amount of money after a specified period with or without payment of a certain income;

▪ bank certificate - a freely negotiable certificate of a deposit (savings) deposit in a bank with an obligation to make the final payment of this deposit and interest on it within a specified period;

▪ bill of exchange - a written monetary obligation of the debtor to repay the debt;

▪ check - a written order from the drawer to the bank to pay the check recipient the amount of money indicated in it;

▪ bill of lading - a document (contract) of a standard (international) form for the carriage of cargo, certifying its loading, transportation and right to receive it;

▪ futures contract - a standard exchange agreement for the purchase and sale of an exchange-traded asset at a certain time in the future at a price set at the time of the transaction.

Author: Kuznetsova S.A.

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