Investments. Types of investments (most important)

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Investments. Types of investments (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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TYPES OF INVESTMENT

There is the following classification of investments.

1. Depending on the investment object:

1) real (capital-forming) investments

▪ investment in the creation of new, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises. These are funds allocated to both fixed and working capital.

Real investments in the enterprise include investments:

▪ for the development of production (reconstruction and technical re-equipment; expansion of production; release of new products; modernization of products and development of new resources; acquisition of intangible assets);

▪ for the development of the non-productive sector (housing construction; construction of sports and recreational facilities, etc.);

2) financial investment - investing in securities, assets of other enterprises, bank deposits, debt rights.

In relation to the totality of real and financial investments, enterprises use the concept of an investment portfolio, and investments in various types of assets associated with a single investment policy are called portfolio investments;

3) intellectual investment - training of specialists in courses, transfer of experience, licenses and know-how, joint scientific developments, etc.

2. By the nature of participation in investment:

1) direct investments - direct participation of the investor in the choice of objects of investment and investment;

2) indirect (indirect) investments - investment carried out by investment or other financial intermediaries.

3. By investment period:

1) short-term investments (no more than 1 year);

2) long-term investments (more than 1 year).

4. According to the forms of ownership of the investor:

1) private investment - investments made by citizens, enterprises of non-state forms of ownership;

2) public investment - investments made by central and local authorities and administration at the expense of budgets, extra-budgetary funds and borrowed funds, as well as enterprises and organizations of state ownership;

3) foreign investment - investments made by foreign citizens, legal entities, states, unions of states and international organizations;

4) joint investment - investments made by the subjects of the given country and subjects of foreign states.

5. On a regional basis - investments within the country and abroad.

6. Depending on the types of investment financing sources:

1) own (amortization fund, profit, financial reserves);

2) borrowed (loans, bond issues);

3) involved (through the issue of shares).

Author: Kuznetsova S.A.

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