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Instructions for labor protection during manual harvesting of root crops. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

Introduction

This instruction establishes labor protection requirements for students engaged in manual harvesting (cleaning, selection, cleaning from tops, sorting, loading) of root crops (potatoes, beets, carrots, etc.).

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Students from the age of 14 who have a doctor's permit, have studied the requirements of this instruction and have been trained in safe work practices are allowed to harvest root crops.

1.2. Students are not allowed to work on harvesting root crops on their own without a supervisor.

1.3. Students are not allowed to harvest root crops:

1.3.1. in an excited state;

1.3.2. in a sick state;

1.3.3. in a state of alcoholic intoxication;

1.3.4. under the influence of drugs.

1.4. In the process of work, the following dangerous and harmful production factors are possible:

1.4.1. moving harvesting units and vehicles;

1.4.2. unprotected moving elements of mechanisms and machines;

1.4.3. excavation of ammunition (shells, mines, grenades) and other explosives;

1.4.4. carrying heavy loads in excess of allowable norms;

1.4.5. increased dustiness of the working area;

1.4.6. adverse weather conditions (low, high temperature, rain, gusty wind, etc.);

1.4.7. danger of injury by a cutting tool during manual processing of root crops;

1.4.8. adverse effects of pesticides and pesticides used to treat the field;

1.4.9. danger of electric shock when working in the area along which the power line passes, lightning.

1.5. Possible consequences of exposure of a worker to dangerous and harmful production factors when harvesting root and tuber crops:

1.5.1. injury by moving harvesting units and vehicles; unprotected moving parts of machines and mechanisms; cutting tool; electric current; lightning; ammunition and other explosives; due to carrying heavy loads in excess of permissible norms;

1.5.2. colds due to adverse weather conditions;

1.5.3. poisoning due to the presence of pesticides and pesticides introduced during the processing of the field;

1.5.4. respiratory diseases due to the dust content of the working area.

1.6. Workers harvesting root crops must have the following clothing and footwear:

1.6.1. on the head - a headdress (hat, cap, beret, scarf, etc.);

1.6.2. on the upper part of the body - a sweater, a jacket made of dense windproof and dustproof fabric (windbreaker, etc.) of free and elongated tailoring;

1.6.3. on the lower part of the body - trousers of free tailoring;

1.6.4. on the feet - rubber, tarpaulin, chrome boots; boots, high boots.

1.7. In case of heavy rain (downpour) those working when harvesting root crops must have a waterproof raincoat or a piece of plastic film, at least 1,5 x 1,5 meters in size.

1.8. Those working in the harvesting of root crops must be able to provide first medical self-help and mutual assistance.

1.9. It is prohibited for those working when harvesting root crops:

1.9.1. start work if they have not been given an introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace with a demonstration of safe methods of performing work;

1.9.2. carry out work related to the use of pesticides;

1.9.3. work on the territory of radioactive contamination, where the annual dose of radiation to residents exceeds 1 mSv (microsievert);

1.9.4. work at the locations of warehouses for the storage of chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers;

1.9.5. work under the age of 17 on combines and tractors as assistants;

1.9.6. work during rain, fog, gusty wind;

1.9.7. work at air temperatures below +10°C and above +25°C;

1.9.8. work in the dark;

1.9.9. work overtime;

1.9.10. work on weekends;

1.9.11. students under 16 years of age to work in the harvesting of root crops with their round-the-clock stay on the territory of the host farm;

1.9.12. before starting work, during work, during breaks in work and after work, drink alcohol, take drugs and toxic substances;

1.9.13. in areas where there are supports of high-voltage power lines, approach them at a distance of less than 3 meters;

1.9.14. approach electrical wires lying on the ground at a distance of less than 30 meters;

1.9.15. be in the cab of a cleaning machine, car;

1.9.16. be on agricultural units and mechanisms.

1.10. Students must inform the head of work about all observed violations of this instruction, as well as about all accidents that occurred or could occur during the harvesting of root crops.

1.11. Students must perform only the work for which they have been instructed in labor protection, it is prohibited to delegate their work to other workers who have not been instructed in labor protection when performing this work.

1.12. Students must follow the rules of personal hygiene:

1.12.1. it is necessary to eat food only in a specially designated place and at a certain time;

1.12.2. wash hands and face with soap before eating.

1.13. For violations of the requirements of this instruction, depending on the consequences of these violations, students are subject to disciplinary, material, administrative or criminal liability.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Inspect the integrity of clothing, footwear, personal protective equipment.

2.2. Clothing should not have fluttering ends, sleeves should be buttoned up, hair should be tucked under a headdress.

2.3. To get acquainted with the route and technological scheme of the movement of agricultural units and vehicles during harvesting.

2.4. Check the serviceability of containers, cutting tools.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. The duration of the working day for students should not exceed:

3.1.1. from 14 to 16 years - no more than 4 hours a day;

3.1.2. from 16 to 18 years - no more than 6 hours a day.

With a five-day working week, the length of the working day can be increased by no more than 1 hour.

3.2. After every 45-50 minutes of work, students should rest for 10-15 minutes.

3.3. When harvesting root crops for students, the norms for lifting and carrying loads must be observed:

3.3.1. for girls, no more than: 14 years old - 3 kg; 15 years - 4 kg; 16 years - 5 kg; 17 years - 6 kg;

3.3.2. for young men, no more; 14 years - 6 kg; 15 years - 7 kg; 16 years old-10 kg; 17 years - 12 kg.

3.4. During the movement of the harvesting unit or vehicles when harvesting root crops, students must be at a distance of at least 5 meters from them on the side. It is forbidden for students to be in front of a moving harvesting unit and vehicles.

3.5. If it is necessary to approach the harvesting unit or vehicles in case of their movement, you must first give a signal to the drivers of these vehicles, and only after the vehicle has completely stopped, approach the drivers.

3.6. Manual loading of root crops into vehicles should be carried out only with the vehicle stopped and the engine turned off, at the signal of the tractor driver or the driver of the vehicle.

3.7. It is forbidden for students to travel on a motor vehicle into which root and tuber crops are loaded, standing in the back, sitting on the sides, standing on the steps and sitting on the wings of the vehicle.

3.8. When cleaning root crops from the ground and tops, you should first clean the ground from the root, and then cut the tops at a distance of 1-2 cm from the head of the root crop.

3.9. The peeled tops should be piled up, and not scattered around, so as not to slip and get injured.

3.10. During breaks in the work of cleaning root crops with knives, the knives must be put in sheaths and put in a safe place. It is strictly forbidden:

3.10.1. arrange any games with knives;

3.10.2. throw knives at piles of root crops, at trees, at people.

3.11. Workers can leave the workplace only with the permission of the work manager.

3.12. To maintain the water-salt regime in the body in hot weather, it is recommended to drink salted water (5 g of table salt per 1 liter of water).

3.13. Students are not allowed to independently open, close the sides of the body, tractor, car. This should be done only by tractor drivers, motor vehicles.

3.14. During the opening and closing of the sides of trucks, students are not allowed to be closer than 2 meters from the platform of the truck.

3.15. Directly to the loading of root crops on the sides of trucks and tractors

Only students over the age of 16 are allowed.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. The situation is considered an emergency in the following cases:

4.1.1. getting an employee under a moving harvesting unit or a vehicle;

4.1.2. getting an employee under the action of unprotected moving elements, mechanisms and assemblies;

4.1.3. excavation of ammunition;

4.1.4. injury with a cutting tool;

4.1.5. electric shock;

4.1.6. a sharp deterioration in meteorological conditions (shower, storm, thunderstorm, etc.).

4.2. In the event of falling under moving harvesting units, motor vehicles, unprotected moving elements of mechanisms and machine components, as well as in the event of an explosion of excavated ammunition, damage to the bones and joints of the victim is possible. The main measure of first aid in case of damage to bones and joints is to create rest for the damaged area of ​​the body. The state of rest is achieved by immobilization (fixation) of the injured bones and joints of the victim, which serves as a measure to combat pain, shock and protect against further spread of wound infection.

Immobilization is carried out by the imposition of splints, which are superimposed so that the joints above and below the fracture are immobile. In this case, the limb must be fixed in the position in which it was caught. The victim must be given an anesthetic drug - analgin (1-2 tablets) and hot tea. Remove clothes and shoes from the injured limb (it is better not to tighten, but to cut). In case of severe bleeding above the fracture site, a tourniquet and twist are applied. The wound is treated with tincture of iodine and covered with a sterile bandage.

It is forbidden to forcibly set a limb, remove bone fragments from a wound or insert bone fragments into it; remove foreign objects from the wound.

Take the victim to the nearest hospital.

4.3. In case of electric shock as a result of contact with a broken electrical wire under voltage, it is necessary:

4.3.1. release the victim from the action of electric current. For this you need:

4.3.1.1. a person who has decided to provide assistance to the victim (teacher, transport driver, student), if he does not have rubber shoes on his feet, then borrow these shoes from the one who has them and put them on;

4.3.1.2. approach the victim, taking minimal steps (because there is no confidence in the integrity of the dressed rubber shoes, in order to avoid falling under the action of step voltage);

4.3.1.3. take the clothes of the victim with one hand, avoiding direct contact with his body and pull him to the side opposite to the installation site of the power transmission line support, to which the broken electrical wire is attached. When pulling the victim, the electrical wire itself will slip out of his hands, and thus the contact between the victim and the electrical wire will be promptly broken;

4.3.1.4. pull the victim at a distance of at least 30 meters from the point of contact of the electrical wire with the ground;

4.3.2. provide first aid to the victim, for which it is necessary:

4.3.2.1. if the victim has a pulse and breathing, but he is unconscious, then it is necessary to unfasten the outer clothing, spray his face with cold water, give a sniff of cotton wool moistened with ammonia. After the victim regains consciousness, it is necessary to give him 10-15 drops of valerian tincture to drink, and apply a dry sterile bandage to the burn site, if any, and deliver the victim to a medical facility;

4.3.2.2. if the victim is not breathing, then it is urgent to call an ambulance, and before her arrival, do artificial ventilation of the lungs using the mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose method, and if there is still no pulse, then it is necessary to do an indirect (closed) heart massage, continuously, until the doctor arrives.

4.3.2.3. report the accident to the local power grid company, organize protection of the zone in which the broken electrical wire is located before the arrival of representatives of the power grid company, preventing people and animals from entering this zone.

4.4. In case of injury with a cutting instrument, it is necessary to lubricate the skin around the wound with tincture of iodine, bandage the wound with a sterile bandage. It is forbidden to wash the wound and remove foreign bodies from it on your own.

4.5. In case of deterioration of meteorological conditions (rain, storm, thunderstorm, etc.), work must be stopped and, as far as possible, take refuge in any residential or non-residential premises. If there are no premises nearby, then the storm must be waited out directly on the field, squatting down and covering yourself with waterproof clothing or waterproof items. In this case, it is prohibited:

4.5.1. be in the body and in the cab of agricultural machinery and closer than 100 meters from it;

4.5.2. stand, sit closer than 30 meters from isolated trees, power line pylons, towers, straw and hay stacks, etc.;

4.5.3. run.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Clean and store tools, containers.

5.2. Remove overalls and personal protective equipment and hand them over for storage.

5.3. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.

5.4. Report to the head of work on all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed in the course of work and on completion of work.

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