Этика. Этика Аристотеля (самое важное)

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Этика. Этика Аристотеля (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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9. Ethics of Aristotle

"Ethics" (the doctrine of morality) was understood by Aristotle as life wisdom, "practical" knowledge about what happiness is and what are the means to achieve it. Is it possible to consider the doctrine of adherence to the correct norms of behavior and conduct of a moral lifestyle as a science?

According to Aristotle, “all reasoning is aimed either at activity or creativity, or at the speculative...”. This means that through thinking a person makes the right choice in his actions, striving to achieve happiness and realize the ethical ideal.

Aristotle argues that creativity and action are not the same thing. Actions are inextricably linked with a person, with his activities, with free choice, with the general moral and legal norms of citizens, and creativity is aimed at creating works of art.

The moral activity of a person is aimed at himself, at the development of his abilities, his spiritual and moral forces, at improving his life, at realizing the meaning of life and purpose. In the field of activity, which is associated with free will, a person conforms behavior and lifestyle with his moral ideal, with views and concepts about what should be and what is, good and evil. With this, the philosopher defined the subject of science, which he called ethics.

Thus, the merits of Aristotle in the development of ethics are very great: he gave the name to this science, he owns the first ethical work, he first raised the question of the independence of ethics, built his theory of morality. His ethical teaching is characterized by logical analysis, the unity of the method of rational understanding of problems and their empirical confirmation, the social orientation of ethical thinking, and applied, practical significance.

Speaking about the ethical aspect of the problem of the relationship between man and society, Aristotle tried to find ways of their harmonious interaction in the rational limitation of all his egoistic needs by the individual, orienting him towards the public good. Social harmony, the philosopher believed, should not suppress personal interests.

Paying tribute to the established tradition, Aristotle also considered happiness. Happiness, according to Aristotle, is a special state of satisfaction that a person receives from the virtuous activity he has performed. Morality and happiness must be linked. Aristotle argued that a person can achieve the highest satisfaction in life only by committing moral actions. He considered the main conditions on the path to happiness: moral and intellectual improvement, friendship, health and the presence of external goods, and an active civic position.

In particular, Aristotle in his teaching developed the themes of freedom of choice and responsibility in morality, the unity of ethics and politics, etc.

Author: Zubanova S.G.

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