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47. The view of various philosophers on the problem of war
Concept J. Galtunga affirms "the minimization of violence and injustice in the world", then only the highest human values of life can survive. The position of one of the most famous theorists of the Club of Rome, A. Peccei, is very interesting.
He claims that the scientific and technological complex created by man "deprived him of orientation and balance, plunging the entire human system into chaos." He sees the main reason that undermines the foundations of the world in the vices of the psychology and morality of the individual - in greed and selfishness, a tendency to evil and violence, etc.
That is why the main role in the implementation of the moral reorientation of mankind, in his opinion, is played by "people changing their habits, morals, behavior." "The question comes down to how to convince people in different parts of the world that it is in the improvement of their human qualities that the key to solving problems lies," he argues.
Philosophers of different eras condemned wars, fervently dreamed of eternal peace, explored various aspects of achieving universal peace. Some of them focused mainly on the ethical side of the war.
They believed that an aggressive war is a product of immorality, that permanent peace can be achieved as a result of the moral education of people in the spirit of mutual understanding, tolerance for different faiths, the elimination of nationalist prejudices, and the education of people in the spirit of "all people are brothers."
But others saw the main evil caused by wars in economic ruin, in the disruption of the normal functioning of the entire economic structure. As a result, they tried to incline mankind towards peaceful coexistence, using the picture of general prosperity in a society without wars, in which, first of all, the forces of society will be directed to the development of science, technology, art, literature, but not to the improvement of the means of destruction.
They believed that peace between states could be established only as a result of a reasonable policy of an enlightened ruler.
Others developed the legal aspects of the problem of peace, which they wanted to achieve through an agreement between governments, the proclamation of regional or world federations of states.
The problem of peace, as well as the problem of war, is relevant for many scientists, as well as political and social movements.
Significant are the successes of the peace-loving forces and numerous organizations, as well as the achievements of a number of schools and directions, scientific centers that specialize in the study of peace problems.
Today, a huge amount of knowledge has been accumulated about peace as a goal, as well as the conditions for the life and development of all mankind, about the relationship between peace and war and the features of this problem in the modern era, about conceivable ways and prerequisites for moving towards a world without weapons and wars.
Author: Zubanova S.G.
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