Этика. Аристотель. Понятие о науке (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Этика. Аристотель. Понятие о науке (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

8. Aristotle. Science concept

Creativity of Aristotle (384-322 BC) is considered the highest development of ancient ethics. This would hardly have been possible if Plato's student had not surpassed his teacher by making a choice in favor of truth.

We all know the philosopher's saying: "Although Plato and the truth are dear to me, a sacred duty tells me to give preference to the truth." Three works on ethics are associated with the name of Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Eudemic Ethics, and Great Ethics. Although the question of the belonging of these works to the pen of Aristotle is still the subject of heated discussions. Today, only the Nicomachean Ethics is considered a genuine treatise of the philosopher.

Regarding the "Eudemic Ethics", the opinions of scientists differ. Some researchers attribute the authorship of the work to Eudemus of Rhodes, a student of Aristotle, others believe that he only edited the work of his teacher after his death. Also, analyzing the content of the "Great Ethics", the researchers suggest that its author is one of Aristotle's students, whose name remains unknown to us.

The basis of the ethical teachings of Aristotle is psychology.

Ethics should study the individual behavior of a person, his relationship with other people, therefore, it is primarily socio-political ethics, that is, a field of knowledge that explores the moral tasks of the state and citizen. Thus, Aristotle's ethics occupied a middle position between his psychology and politics.

Aristotle was the first to define and classify sciences, types of knowledge. He divided the sciences into three groups: theoretical ("speculative"), practical ("productive") и creative ("creative"). The philosopher included philosophy, mathematics and physics as the first; to the second - ethics and politics, and to the third - arts, crafts and applied sciences.

According to Aristotle, philosophy is the most theoretical of the sciences, since it studies what is most worthy of comprehension - the principles and causes, only thanks to them, everything else can be known on their basis.

Thus, according to Aristotle, science is the more valuable, the more it is contemplative. It is given to knowledge, the search for truth, and thus represents the highest form of creative activity. Only in the process of this activity does a person get the opportunity to come closer to calm happiness, to true bliss, which is given only to the gods. For ancient philosophers, knowledge was the attitude of man to the world, the establishment of a connection with the origin. Cognition of the universal is the discovery behind the variety of objects and phenomena of their common principle, the beginning.

Ancient science was focused primarily not on the subordination of the forces of nature to man, not on the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, but on the comprehension of the general order of things, on the knowledge of social relations, on the education of man and the regulation of relationships and human behavior, on the achievement of an ethical ideal.

Author: Zubanova S.G.

<< Back: The ethical doctrine of Plato

>> Forward: Ethics of Aristotle

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ History of the economy. Lecture notes

▪ Traumatology and orthopedics. Crib

▪ Financial management. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

A camera with a resolution of 1 GPU has been developed 30.06.2012

Scientists at Duke University in the US have built a laboratory setup that can take pictures at a resolution of 1 gigapixel, which is about 30 times the resolution of the most expensive digital cameras today, reports Wired. The setup takes panoramic images with an angle of 120 degrees horizontally and 50 degrees vertically.

"Shooting a scene with such a camera allows you to see much more than if you were there yourself," said Duke University engineer David Brady, one of the authors of the project, the results of which were published in the journal Nature.

Scientists have developed a setup capable of capturing images at a resolution of 50 Gp, but so far they have only been able to build a system with a resolution of 1 Gp. In the near future - the creation of a system with a resolution of 10 GP. The current 1-GPU setup produces a sharp, distinct image of a postage stamp taken at a distance of about 1 km, reports Wired. The resolution of the installation is 5 times higher than the ability of the human eye, adds Physorg. According to Bradley, the photographer will find details that he was not able to distinguish when creating the object only after he enlarges the picture.

The setup consists of approximately 100 individual microcameras, the images from which are stitched together using software. The size of the installation is approximately 80 x 80 x 50 cm. It consists of only 3% optical elements, the rest is electronics and microcircuits responsible for creating the finished image.

With the development of computing technology, the size of the installation can be reduced to the size of a small module that can fit into the body of a mobile phone. The photosensitive sensors themselves are quite ordinary and similar to those found in the iPhone, Bradley said.

Scientists suggest that at first such cameras can be used, first of all, in video surveillance systems. A single 1-GP camera attached to the ceiling of a large mall or sports center or a building in a city square will allow you to monitor thousands of people with the ability to zoom in and see the face of each of them.

Other interesting news:

▪ Intel Optane drives

▪ Fill your cell phone with syrup

▪ ARMADA PXA8 1936-core LTE chip from Marvell

▪ Washing people with ultrasound

▪ Intel will teach TVs to recognize people

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Audio Art. Article selection

▪ article Colossus with feet of clay. Popular expression

▪ article What are the names of hybrids of lions and tigers, as well as hybrids of these hybrids? Detailed answer

▪ article Desmodium twisted. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Microcontroller capacitor capacitance meter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Acoustic design of a low-frequency dynamic driver. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews