Этика. Этика И. Канта (самое важное)

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Этика. Этика И. Канта (самое важное)

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20. Ethics of I. Kant

moral theory Immanuel Kant does not allow exceptions to the implementation of the law, which would be due to unfavorable circumstances. Perjury must not be heard. However, the moral law does not force heroic deeds to be carried out, regardless of the adverse consequences or the impossibility of their implementation. When Kant himself was called to stop criticizing religion because the moral law required it, he complied and undertook not to lecture on religion.

The thesis about the ethics of intent corresponds to Kant's idea that moral behavior should not have "inclination" as its basis and that it is all the more deserved, the more we must overcome our egoism. This idea is based on a strict dualism of sensibility and law. Sensuality should not be aimed at making a person gravitate towards behavior based on the law.

Conversely, if behavior based on sensuality (for example, sympathy, friendship, love) coincides with action based on the law, then it has no moral value, since it is not motivated by law. According to I. Kant, only one feeling does not violate the moral value of behavior - this is a feeling of respect for the law, because it belongs to the general moral value.

The ethics of I. Kant contains reasoning about the freedom of man. Freedom is also manifested in the ability to act in relation to nature.

In nature, everything happens according to the law of causality, and therefore our behavior must be subject to this law, since it affects nature. At the same time, the moral theory of I. Kant is based on the freedom of man. In the conclusion to the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, I. Kant solves this antinomy in such a way that he applies to it the distinction between "things in themselves" and phenomena, which he introduces in the Critique of Pure Reason. On the one hand, our self as a "thing in itself" belongs to the "intelligible" world, which is revealed to us by moral behavior.

On the other hand, we, as "representatives of the sensory world," belong to the world of appearances. From this example, we can say that I. Kant solves the problems of his ethical philosophy with the help of the achievements of theoretical philosophy. In fact, both ethical works of I. Kant are based on the premise that by reflecting on moral behavior, we come to certain conclusions that cannot be reached with the help of theory alone.

This also applies to freedom, which remains unprovable for the "Critique of Pure Reason" (the possible "causality through freedom" is unproven, because this statement is one of the members of the antinomy), while in ethical treatises I. Kant proves freedom as a condition of the moral law which we are aware of.

Author: Zubanova S.G.

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