Этика. Проблема эвтаназии (самое важное)

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Этика. Проблема эвтаназии (самое важное)

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55. The problem of euthanasia

Term "euthanasia" comes from two ancient Greek words: thanatos - "death" and eu - "good", which literally translates as "good, good death." In the modern sense, this term means a conscious action or refusal of actions that lead to an early and often painless death of a hopelessly ill person, instantly ending unbearable pain and suffering.

Medical decisions about the end of life can also be divided into two broad categories.

1. Directly euthanasia - when there is an active participation of the doctor in the death of the patient. This is, in fact, the killing of a patient by a doctor with the informed consent of the latter. As well as physician-assisted suicide (Physician assisted suicide, or NOT). In this case, the doctor prepares a lethal drug that the patient injects himself.

2. Cases in which the doctor, with the patient's consent, stops prescribing drugs that prolong the patient's life, or, conversely, increases the dose (for example, painkillers, sleeping pills), as a result of which the patient's life is reduced. Mainly, this is the use of opioid analgesics.

Supporters of euthanasia consider it possible for several reasons.

1. Medical - death acts as a last resort to end the incredible suffering of the patient.

2. The patient's concern for loved ones "I don't want to burden them with myself."

3. Selfish motives of the patient himself "I want to die with dignity."

4. biological - the need to destroy inferior people because of the threat of degeneration of the human race, due to the accumulation of pathological genes in the population.

5. principle of expediency - the termination of long and unsuccessful measures to maintain the life of incurable patients in order to be able to use the equipment for the treatment of newly admitted patients with a smaller volume of lesions.

6. Economic - the treatment and maintenance of life of a number of hopeless patients is associated with the use of expensive drugs and devices.

Opponents of euthanasia in any form give the following arguments.

1. Religious moral guidelines - "Thou shalt not kill" and "Love thy neighbor for the sake of God" (self-purification and the path to salvation through caring for seriously ill people).

2. Medicine, for example, knows rare cases of spontaneous cure of cancer, even the very development of medicine is a fight against death and suffering (the discovery of new means and methods of treatment).

3. With an active social position of the whole society, almost complete rehabilitation of disabled people with any degree of disability is possible, which allows the patient to return to life as a person. The most active and consistent opponents of euthanasia are representatives of the clergy. It is they who consider any kind of euthanasia as killing a patient by a doctor or as condoning the patient's suicide, which in any case is a crime of the laws laid down by God.

Author: Zubanova S.G.

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