Table of contents (expand)
31. Principles of justice J. Rawls
Justice in ethics is considered primarily as a problem of equality. The connection between justice and equality is significantly specified by J. Rawls, who analyzes justice as a principle of social organization. He introduces the concept of equality into the definition of justice.
It should be noted that he also included the concept of inequality in this definition. Justice, therefore, is a criterion of equality and a criterion of inequality between people.
People, of course, must be equal in their rights, and this equality must be enshrined in law. They must be equal in sharing social values.
At the same time, inequality will also be fair, but when it is such an unequal distribution that gives an advantage to everyone.
Accordingly, the definition of justice given by J. Rawls can be divided into two principles.
1. Every person shall have equal rights in respect of the most extensive system of equal fundamental freedoms compatible with similar freedoms for all other people.
2. Economic and social inequalities must be organized in such a way that benefits for all can really be expected from them and access to positions and posts is open to all.
Apparently, equality is not always and not for everyone a priority and is preferable. Thus, equality in the socio-economic sphere, if it is achieved at the cost of restricting economic activity and forcing a low standard of living for the majority of citizens, cannot be considered a blessing.
On the contrary, inequality in wealth is the basis of a compensatory advantage for each person (for example, the payment of a high progressive tax on wealth), in which case it is of course fair.
"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs." It was precisely on this principle of justice that it was also assumed that although people would receive an unequal amount of goods, the principle of receiving them would equally apply to everyone: "according to need."
The main difference is that the first part of this formula can be explained: "From each (taxes!) according to income"; and the second - "Each poor as much as society can afford to distribute to provide a social minimum of benefits."
But under the same conditions, this inequality will be unfair to wealthy taxpayers.
Thus, according to the conclusions of J. Rawls, the ratio of equality and justice needs to be significantly clarified: fair equality in the distribution of rights and duties and, accordingly, the general accessibility of justice to people; just functional inequality - in the distribution of goods. J. Rawls also considers justice in relationships between people.
Author: Zubanova S.G.
<< Back: Analytical Philosophy. Moral language analysis
>> Forward: Morality and politics
We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:
▪ ENT diseases. Lecture notes
▪ Insurance law. Lecture notes
▪ History of world and domestic culture. Crib
See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive Logitech PowerPlay - mouse pad with recharging
14.06.2017
Logitech has introduced a rather interesting device called PowerPlay. This is a mat connected to a PC via USB. But this was not done to implement the backlight, but to constantly recharge wireless mice.
The mat, when connected to a PC, generates an electromagnetic field, which the Powercore modules in the bears convert into electricity to charge the batteries. Logitech claims that this does not affect the speed of the manipulators.
The rug is valued at $100. Its dimensions are 320 x 275 mm. It comes with two surfaces: soft and hard. Of course, to work with such a rug, you need an appropriate mouse.
Two models will be available at launch: G903 for $150 and G703 for $100. Probably, if the concept performs well, Logitech will release more different models with support for Powercore modules. It will be possible to buy a mouse in June, but the mousepad itself will go on sale only in August.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ Stable nanographene magnet developed
▪ Revolutionary hybrid relay
▪ LG ProBeam 4K projector
▪ Portable DVD Player SAMSUNG DVD-L100
▪ Ultra-reliable PX03SN Series SSDs from Toshiba
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ site section Acoustic systems. Article selection
▪ article Sechenov Ivan. Biography of a scientist
▪ article Which mathematician accurately predicted the day of his death using an arithmetic progression? Detailed answer
▪ article Snow scooter. Personal transport
▪ article Automatic charger. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Specularity of paper. physical experiment
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese