Labor protection instruction for the driver (crane operator) of the electric overhead crane

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Instruction on labor protection for the driver (crane operator) of the electric overhead crane. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General safety requirements

1.1. This Instruction for the driver (crane operator) of an electric bridge crane applies to drivers of electric bridge cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons, controlled from the floor, who are not subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor bodies. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, trained according to a special program and have mastered the requirements of this Instruction, have II qualification group for electrical safety, have completed an internship at the workplace and attestation by a qualification commission are allowed to operate bridge-type electric cranes.

A certified crane driver is issued a certificate signed by the chairman of the commission and the inspector of Gosgortekhnadzor indicating the type of crane he is allowed to manage.

1.2. The admission to work of drivers of electric overhead cranes is issued by order of the enterprise after an introductory briefing, the issuance of a certificate of knowledge of labor protection rules with a warning card, and briefing at the workplace.

1.3. Re-checking the knowledge of the driver should be carried out by the commission of the enterprise:

periodically - at least once every 12 months;
when moving from one enterprise to another;
at the request of the person responsible for supervision.

The results of testing the driver's knowledge must be documented in a protocol, the number of which is affixed to the certificate and confirmed by the seal of the enterprise.

When transferring the driver to work on an electric overhead crane of a different design, the administration is obliged to instruct him about the features of the device and maintenance of this crane and make sure that he can work on this crane.

1.4. The driver is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations of the enterprise.

Smoking in production and auxiliary premises and on the territory of the enterprise is allowed only in places specially designated for this purpose, with the inscription "Smoking Area", provided with fire extinguishing equipment and equipped with urns or boxes with sand.

1.5. Drivers may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors: moving machines and mechanisms; transported and stored goods; increased dust content in the air of the working area; microclimate; dangerous voltage in the electrical circuit; unguarded moving or rotating equipment.

1.6. The driver, depending on the working conditions, must be provided with overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment:

cotton overalls;
dielectric galoshes;
dielectric gloves;

For outdoor work in winter additionally:

jacket with insulating lining;
trousers with insulating lining;
felt boots.

1.7. A driver who has a certificate for the right to work independently must:

know the device and purpose of all crane mechanisms, its individual elements, all equipment;
possess the skills required to operate and maintain all crane mechanisms;
know the procedure for exchanging signals with the slinger;
know the range and purpose of lubricants used to lubricate the crane;
be able to determine the suitability for work of ropes, a hook, load-handling devices and containers;
know the rules for the safe movement of goods by cranes;
know the requirements for crane runways, their maintenance and protective grounding;
know the techniques for relieving people under voltage from the action of electric current, and ways to help them.

1.8. During work, the driver is responsible for all actions of the student attached to him for the internship, bears full responsibility for violation of the requirements for the management and maintenance of the crane set forth in this Instruction, and controls the work of the slinger.

1.9. To hang the load on the hook of overhead cranes operated from the cabin, slingers who have undergone proper training, certification and have a certificate for the right to carry out work on tying loads must be appointed. While working, the slinger must wear a distinctive armband or badge.

1.10. In cases where the area served by the crane is not fully visible from the driver's cab, a signalman from among the workers trained in signaling must be assigned to transmit the signals of the slinger to the driver (crane operator).

1.11. In the cab of each crane, a laced and numbered book should be stored - a logbook for recording the driver's comments when accepting and handing over a shift. Entries in the watch log should be checked daily by a mechanic - a person responsible for the good condition of lifting machines.

1.12. Each crane must be equipped with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, dielectric gloves, a dielectric mat, the crane cabin door must be locked.

1.13. A plate clearly visible to the operating personnel should be hung on the crane structure indicating the registration number, crane load capacity and the next technical examination period.

1.14. Lifting machines, load-handling devices and containers that have not passed the technical examination or with expired technical examination periods are not allowed to work.

1.15. The organization must develop methods for the correct slinging of goods and post a graphic image in the places of work.

1.16. The place of production of work on lifting and moving goods should be well lit. In case of insufficient illumination of the place of work, heavy snowfall or fog, and also in other cases when the crane operator does not clearly distinguish between the signals of the slinger or the load being moved, the operation of the crane must be stopped.

1.17. Workers must immediately inform the foreman and the head of the site about cases of injury and detection of malfunctions of equipment, fixtures and tools.

1.18. Persons who do not comply with the requirements of this Instruction shall bear criminal and administrative liability in accordance with the established procedure.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the driver (crane operator) must familiarize himself with the entries in the logbook and accept the crane, making sure that all its mechanisms and parts are in good condition, for which he must, with the knife switch off:

make an external inspection of the crane mechanisms, their brakes and electrical equipment, protective grounding, hook, as well as the rope and make sure that they are in good condition;
check the presence of lubrication of mechanisms and ropes, and, if necessary, lubricate them;
check the presence and serviceability of the fences of mechanisms, electrical equipment, galleries, platforms;
make sure that working and repair lighting, as well as an audible signaling device, are available and in good condition;
make sure that there is a rubber dielectric mat in the crane cabin;
inspect the crane tracks and make sure that there are no maintenance personnel and unauthorized persons on the crane in the crane tracks;
inspect metal structures, crane guards and make sure there are no foreign objects that may fall from the crane during movement;
check the serviceability of safety devices - hook lift limiter, load limiter and other safety devices.

2.2. Inspection of the crane at night and in the evening should be done only with sufficient lighting.

2.3. After inspecting the crane, before putting it into operation, the driver must test it idle and check the correct operation:

all mechanisms;
electrical equipment, including: limit switches, zero blocking, blocking contacts of the hatch, cabin doors and doors on the crane bridge, lighting, etc.

2.4. After inspecting the crane and checking the serviceability of its mechanisms, the crane operator must make an appropriate entry in the logbook.

2.5. After inspecting the crane and detecting malfunctions, the driver (crane operator), without starting work, must turn off the crane using a linear switch, make an appropriate entry in the logbook and report this to the person responsible for the good condition of the crane.

The driver (crane operator) has the right to start working on the crane only after the elimination of the detected malfunctions and the corresponding entry and signature in the watch log by the person who eliminated the malfunction.

2.6. The driver (crane operator) does not have the right to start work if there are no certified slingers or if it is established during the inspection and testing of the mechanisms that:

in the mouth of the hook, there is wear from the load-handling device in excess of 10% of the original section, as well as the presence of cracks and hook extension;
the hook does not rotate in the clip;
the nut securing the hook does not have a device preventing its self-unscrewing;
blocks of a hook or other gripping body do not rotate around its axis;
the axles are not secured with locking plates or other locking devices;
ropes have defects due to which they are subject to rejection;
the brake does not brake;
the axes of the lever brake system do not have cotter pins, the rivets of the lining touch the surface of the brake pulley;
couplings do not have studs and nuts on studs, elastic rings are missing or worn;
brake gearboxes, brake pulleys, electric motor, as well as other crane equipment are not reinforced and are displaced during the operation of the mechanisms;
trolleys located on the crane bridge are in contact with each other or with the metal structures of the crane;
current collectors are in contact with adjacent trolleys;
flexible trolleys sag;
the insulation of the electrical wire is damaged;
the ground wire is broken;
the limit switches are inactive or their levers do not return to their original position, the blocking contacts of the hatch, cabin doors, bridge, etc. are inactive;
automatic anti-theft devices, zero protection, signal and other safety devices do not work;
the previously installed fencing of mechanisms and current-carrying parts of electrical equipment was removed;
there is no rubber dielectric mat in the cabin, protective grounding of electrical equipment cases, as well as the metal structures of the crane as a whole;
cases of controllers and other electrical equipment, as well as the crane itself are energized;
the lighting on the crane is defective.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The driver (crane operator) is prohibited from working with untrained slingers and allowing unauthorized persons to sling cargo. Work should be done only at the signal of a slinger or a specially assigned signaller. The driver during work should not be distracted from his direct duties and allow unauthorized persons to the crane.

3.2. The crane operator must lift and move machines, metal structures or other cargo removed from the foundation only after the lifting cargo is released from all fasteners.

3.3. The operator must switch on and stop the crane mechanisms smoothly, without jerks. It is not allowed to transfer mechanisms from forward to reverse to a complete stop, except in cases where it is necessary to prevent an accident or an accident.

3.4. The driver (crane operator) must drive up to the dead ends or to the neighboring crane only at a reduced speed.

3.5. Before starting the movement of the crane, when lifting, lowering and moving the load, the driver must give a warning sound signal.

3.6. The driver must not exceed the crane capacity; the hook must be positioned exactly under the load to be lifted; before lifting the load, it is necessary to warn the slinger and other persons by a signal about the need to move away from the load being lifted.

3.7. When lifting a load close in mass to the crane's carrying capacity, you should first raise the load to a height of 200-300 mm, and, after making sure that the brake is working and the slinging is reliable, you can continue lifting to the desired height.

3.8. To move a load in a horizontal direction, it must first be raised 0 m above the objects encountered on the way and make sure that the movement of goods is not carried out over workplaces where people constantly work.

3.9. The operator must carry out cleaning and disassembling of goods without violating the dimensions established for warehousing and without blocking the aisles, in places that exclude the possibility of their overturning.

3.10. When unloading or loading railway cars, bunkers, etc., not directly visible from the cab, the driver must first make sure that there are no people in the unloading or loading area and perform work under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving goods by hoisting machines.

3.11. When lowering hooks, a lifting magnet, a grab or other lifting device of a crane to a level lower than usual (for example, when lifting a load from wells, pits, etc.), the driver must ensure that at the lowest position of the hook, at least one and a half turns of rope remain on the drum , not counting the turns under the clamping devices.

3.12. If there are several cranes on one crane runway, in order to avoid collision of the latter, the driver must monitor the serviceability of the limiters of mutual movements, but do not use the limiters (limit switches) as a working body to stop the crane, and prevent the cranes from approaching more than 1 m.

3.13. The driver is not allowed to push the adjacent crane with a crane, and with a two-tier arrangement of cranes, their work area must be delimited.

3.14. The driver must enter and exit the crane only through the landing area.

3.15. Before entering the flooring of the crane gallery, the driver must turn off the switch in the cab and hang a poster on it with the inscription: "Do not turn it on! People are working."

3.16. While the crane is in operation, the operator must ensure that the work area under the crane is properly lit.

Before leaving the crane, the crane operator must:

put the handwheels and handles of all controllers in the zero position;
turn off the switch installed in the cab and set the crane to the parking brake.

3.17. In the event of a forced stop of the overhead crane not at the landing site and in the absence of a passage gallery along the crane runway, the evacuation of the driver from the crane must be organized at his signal by the administration of the enterprise and carried out in accordance with the procedure established for this section or span.

3.18. An apprentice undergoing an internship can operate a crane only in the presence and under the direct supervision of the driver (crane operator).

3.19. When lifting and moving loads, the driver must not:

lift a load, the mass of which exceeds the lifting capacity of the crane, improperly tied load, swing the load or lower it at high speed and hit it, as well as remove castings from the ground or drain metal without first releasing them;
lift a load that is in an unstable position, as well as a load suspended by one horn of a two-horned hook, in a container filled above the edges;
pull a load with a hook at an inclined tension of the rope, tear off a reinforced load that is frozen or littered with something, etc .;
to lift and move people with a hook, as well as an unbalanced load leveled by a mass of people or supported by people;
without the permission of the management of the workshop, lift the load with two cranes;
leave the load suspended;
carry out independent repairs of the crane, its mechanisms and electrical equipment, inspection and repair of the main trolls, pantographs, as well as changing fuses;
turn on the switch and operate the crane mechanisms while people are on its gallery; exceptions are allowed for locksmiths, electricians who inspect the crane mechanisms, in this case, the switch on the knife switch and the crane mechanisms can be made only at the direction of the person who performs the inspection and has a brand key in his hands;
leave tools, as well as fixed equipment and parts on the gallery flooring or trolley;
throw something off a crane;
get on and off the crane while driving;
go out onto the crane tracks, walk along them, climb from one crane to another, and also move from one gallery to another through a trolley.

3.20. The withdrawal of the crane for repair should be carried out by a person responsible for maintaining the crane in good condition. The date and time when the crane was taken out for repair and the name of the person responsible for carrying it out must be indicated in the crane logbook and the work permit.

3.21. A work permit should be issued for the repair of an overhead crane, which should indicate measures to create safe conditions for the performance of repair work, in particular, measures to prevent electric shock to repair personnel and falls from a height.

3.22. When the crane is taken out for repairs in the cab, the main switch is turned off, the fuses are removed and a poster is hung on the switch handle: "Do not turn it on! People are working!". The crane operator gives the key to the person responsible for carrying out the repair work.

3.23. The driver may start work on the crane after repair only with the permission of the person responsible for the good condition of the crane.

3.24. In the case of repair of crane tracks or a crane operating in an adjacent span, the driver is obliged to reduce the speed of the bridge when approaching a fenced closed area in adjacent sections of the crane tracks.

3.25. The driver must lower the load and stop the crane:

in the event of a crane failure;
in case of falling ropes from the drum or blocks, formation of loops on the ropes or detection of damage to the ropes;
in case of malfunction of safety devices;
if the electrical equipment cases or the metal structures of the crane are energized;
with frequent operation of the maximum current or thermal protection of electric motors.

3.26. At each forced stop of the crane, the driver must make an appropriate entry in the watch log and report to the chief mechanic of the organization, as well as to the person responsible for the good condition of the hoisting machines.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of a crane malfunction, as well as in the event of a sudden interruption of the crane’s power supply by electric current or the crane stops, the driver must set the controller handles to zero, turn off the knife switch in the cab and report to the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by cranes, and the person responsible for the correct condition of cranes.

4.2. In the event that, due to a lack of voltage in the electrical network, the load remains suspended, it is necessary to take measures, if possible, to lower it by manually releasing it in the presence of a person responsible for the good condition of the crane, or to fence off the place under the load.

4.3. In the event of a fire on the crane, the driver must immediately turn off the switch in the cab and proceed to extinguish the fire with the fire-fighting equipment available on the crane. At the same time, he must call the fire brigade and notify the administration.

4.4 Elimination of malfunctions of the crane should be carried out only when it is disconnected from the mains.

4.5. In the event of an accident, the victim or eyewitness is obliged to immediately notify the foreman or head of the site, who must organize the provision of first aid to the victim and send him to a medical institution.

5. Safety requirement at the end of work

5.1. At the end of a shift or crane operation, the operator must:

release the hook or other load-handling device from the load; do not leave the load suspended;
put the crane at the landing site or in the place intended for its parking;
raise the hook to the upper position, and lower the lifting electromagnet, grab or other similar device to the floor, to the area designated for this;
turn the handles of all controllers to the zero position and turn off the knife switch in the crane cabin;
inspect the crane, clean it, make an entry in the watch log about the state or malfunctions in the operation of the crane that occurred during the shift;
Cranes operating outdoors should be secured with windbreak protection devices.

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