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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions for labor protection when working on a grinding machine. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. To perform work on grinding machines using abrasive wheels in a dry way, persons with the profession of a repairman, turner, miller who have been instructed, introductory and at the workplace are allowed. Tractor drivers-machinists temporarily involved by the administration to carry out repair work are allowed to work on grinding machines after briefing at the workplace and training in safe work methods. 1.2. Testing, installation and balling of the working surface of the abrasive wheel is carried out only by specially designated personnel. Other persons admitted to work on grinding machines are prohibited from doing this work. 1.3. When working on grinding machines, follow the requirements set out in the labor protection instructions, the internal regulations of the enterprise. Their violation can lead to injury from flying fragments, sharp edges of parts and equipment, electric shock, poisoning, burns by heated parts of the equipment and the material being processed. 1.4. Use the following personal protective equipment when working:
1.5. Personal protective equipment should be used for its intended purpose and the administration should be notified in a timely manner of the need to clean, wash, dry and repair them. They are not allowed to be taken outside the enterprise. 1.6. Know and follow the rules of personal hygiene. Do not smoke in the workplace, do not drink alcohol before and during work. Do not store food or eat in the workplace. 1.7. Perform only the work for which you have been trained, instructed in labor protection and for which the supervisor has approved. 1.8. Persons who are not related to the work performed are not allowed to the workplace. Do not outsource your work to others. 1.9. Obey the safety signs. 1.10. Do not go behind electrical equipment fences. 1.11. Pay attention to the warning signals of trucks, cars, tractors and other types of moving vehicles. 1.12. Report to the manager about the noticed malfunctions of machines, mechanisms, equipment, violations of safety requirements and do not start work until appropriate measures are taken. 1.13. If the victim himself or with outside help cannot come to the medical institution (loss of consciousness, electric shock, severe injuries and fractures), inform the head of the household (employer), who is obliged to organize the delivery of the victim to the medical institution. Before arriving at a medical facility, provide the victim with first aid (first aid) and, if possible, calm him down, as excitement increases bleeding from wounds, worsens the body's protective functions and complicates the treatment process. 1.14. Employees are required to know the fire warning signals, the location of fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them. It is not allowed to use fire equipment for other purposes. 1.15. Do not obstruct aisles and access to firefighting equipment. 1.16. Sand up spilled fuels and lubricants on the ground. Immediately remove the sand impregnated with oil products and take it to a place agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological station. 1.17. Dispose of used cleaning material in special metal boxes with lids. 1.18. Do not make fire in agricultural storage sectors. equipment on the territory of the machine yard and in the premises. 1.19. Do not store in the workplace flammable and combustible liquids, acids and alkalis in quantities exceeding the replacement need in a ready-to-use form. 1.20. In the event of a fire, immediately call the fire brigade and take measures to eliminate the source of ignition by means of fire extinguishing, and in the event of a fire at electrical installations, the first person who notices a fire must report this to the fire brigade responsible for electrical facilities, the head of the workshops. 1.21. In the event of a fire in the electrical installation itself or near it, first of all, before the arrival of firefighters, disconnect the electrical installation from the network. If this is not possible, then try to cut the wires (sequentially, one at a time) with a tool with insulated handles. 1.22. When extinguishing a fire, extinguish the source of ignition first. When using a foam fire extinguisher, direct the jet at an angle of 40 - 45 degrees to avoid splashing liquid. Start extinguishing from one edge, and then sequentially move to the other edge of the ignition source. 1.23. To extinguish small fires, flammable and combustible liquids, as well as solid combustible substances and materials, use foam fire extinguishers: manual types OHP-10, OP-M, OP-9MN; air-foam type OVP-5, OVP-10; mobile, transported on special trolleys, air-foam type OVP-100, OVP-250, OPG-100. In their absence, throw sand on the fire, cover it with felt or extinguish it in some other way. 1.24. To extinguish combustible substances and materials that cannot be extinguished with water or foam, as well as electrical installations under voltage, use carbon dioxide hand-held fire extinguishers of the type OU-2, OU-5, UP-2M, OU-8, OUB-3A, OUB-7A ; mobile carbon dioxide fire extinguishers such as OU-25, OU-80, OU-100, OSU-5; powder fire extinguishers of the type: manual - OP-1, OP-2, OP-5, OP-10, OPS-6, OPS-10; mobile - OP-100, OP-250, SI-2, SI-120, SZHB-50, SZHB-150, OPA-50, OPA-100. It is allowed to use dry, without impurities, sand. When using powder fire extinguishers, do not direct the powder jet at hot surfaces - an explosion is possible. 1.25. Do not use chemical foam or chemical foam fire extinguishers to extinguish a fire in an electrical installation that is energized. 1.26. A worker who violates the requirements of labor protection instructions may be subject to disciplinary liability in accordance with the internal regulations of the enterprise, and if these violations are associated with causing material damage to the enterprise, the worker also bears financial responsibility in the prescribed manner. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Put on overalls and other personal protective equipment established for this type of work. Clothing should be buttoned up and tucked in, trousers should be over shoes, cuffs fastened, hair tucked under a tight-fitting headdress. Protect the skin from the action of solvents and oils with protective ointments (PM-1 or HIOT-6), pastes (IER-1, IER-2, Airo). 2.2. Check that the tools and devices used during work are in good condition, not worn out and meet safe working conditions. Non-mechanized tool 2.2.1. Wooden handles of tools must be made of seasoned hard and tough wood, smoothly processed, their surface must not have potholes, chips and other defects. The tool must be properly fitted and securely fastened. Percussion tools (hammers, sledgehammers, etc.) must have oval handles with a thickened free end. The console on which the instrument is mounted must be wedged with a completed mild steel wedge. On the wooden handles of pressure tools (files, chisels, etc.) in the places of interface with the tool, metal (bandage) rings must be mounted. 2.2.2. Percussion instruments (chisels, cross-cuts, barbs) should not have cracks, burrs, work hardening; the occipital part of them should be smooth, free of cracks, burrs and bevels. The length of the manual chisel is at least 150 mm, their drawn part is 60 - 70 mm; blade sharpening angle - in accordance with the hardness of the processed materials. 2.2.3. Forging tongs and other devices for holding forgings being machined should be made of mild steel and match the dimensions of the forgings. To hold the forging without constant hand pressure, the tongs must have rings (spandery), and to protect the worker's fingers from injury, a gap (in the working position) between the tong handles is 45 mm, for which stops must be made. 2.2.4. Wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads. The jaws of the keys must be parallel and free of cracks and nicks, and the handles must be free of burrs. Sliding keys must not have play in moving parts. 2.2.5. The ends of hand tools used for threading into holes during installation (crowbars for assembly, etc.) must not be knocked down. 2.2.6. Crowbars must be of circular cross section and have one end in the form of a spatula, and the other in the form of a tetrahedral pyramid. Scrap weight within 4 - 5 kg, length 1,3 - 1,5 m. 2.2.7. Pullers must have serviceable paws, screws, rods and stops. 2.2.8. The vise must be securely fastened to the workbench. Sponges must have a good notch. 2.2.9. The screwdriver should be with a straight shaft, firmly fixed on the handle. The screwdriver must have straight sides. 2.2.10. Needle-nose pliers and pliers should not have chipped handles. The jaws of the needle-nosed pliers are sharp, not chipped or broken, the pliers are with a good notch. 2.2.11. Hand scoops for collecting garbage should be made of roofing iron and should not have sharp ends and torn places. 2.2.12. Before using jacks, check:
electrified tool 2.2.13. All power tools and electrical appliances must have closed and insulated inputs (contacts) of the supply wires. In order to protect against mechanical damage and moisture, the wires of power tools and electrical appliances must be protected by rubber hoses and terminated with a special plug. 2.3. Arrange the working tool, fixtures and materials in the prescribed place, in a convenient and safe order for use. 2.4. Check the presence and serviceability of the warning signal equipment, fences, safety and blocking devices. 2.5. Check that the ground and neutral wires are securely connected to the equipment. 2.6. Turn on, if necessary, local lighting and check the ventilation. 2.7. Inspect the abrasive wheel for cracks or gouges, replace the defective abrasive wheel. 2.8. Check the centering of the circle, spindle (no runout), the presence of a gasket between the clamping flanges and the circle, the serviceability and performance of the machine. 2.9. Subject the wheel mounted on the machine to a short idle rotation at operating speed: circles with a diameter of up to 400 mm - for 2 minutes, over 400 mm - at least 5 minutes. 2.10. Check the gap between the edge of the tool rest and the working surface of the circle, which should be at least half the thickness of the workpiece, but not more than 3 mm. The edge of the handpiece from the side of the circle should not have potholes, chips and other defects. 2.11. Install the handpieces so that the workpiece touches the circle above the horizontal plane passing through its center, but not more than 10 mm. 2.12. After each rearrangement, securely fasten the handbrake in the desired position. The rearrangement is carried out only after the complete cessation of rotation of the abrasive wheel. 2.13. When working on a machine with two wheels, make sure that their diameters do not differ by more than 10% and that the maximum allowable spindle speed is indicated on the machine. 2.14. Check that the location and permissible opening angles of the protective covers correspond to the diagrams shown in the figure. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. Constantly monitor the health of the equipment and do not leave it unattended. When leaving the workplace, stop the equipment and turn off the power. Installation and testing of the abrasive wheel for mechanical strength 3.2. Remember that the abrasive wheel has a granular-crystalline structure, is a cutting tool that works at high speeds, and does not have high mechanical strength. The circle quickly collapses even with minor bumps and bumps. The wheel is not strong enough when lateral loads are applied to it, its strength decreases sharply at low temperatures, and the wheels on the magnesian bond are sensitive to a humid environment and cannot be used for work with cooling. 3.3. Before testing, the ceramic bonded wheel should be checked for the absence of cracks by tapping it in a suspended state with a wooden mallet weighing 200 - 300 grams. A circle without cracks should make a clear sound. 3.4. Test wheels for mechanical strength at the test speeds given in table 2. Table 2
* Circles of type PN, PR, K and M are not tested for mechanical strength. 3.5. The duration of the rotation test shall be at least 3 min. for circles with outer diameter up to 150 mm and not less than 5 min. - for wheels with outer diameter over 150 mm. 3.6. It is allowed to conduct tests without delay in time, but with an increase in the circumferential rotation speed by 1,65 times relative to the working one, i.e. Vi = 1,65 Vr, for wheels operating at a peripheral speed of up to 50 m/s, and wheels on a bakelite bond operating at a peripheral speed of up to 60 m/s. 3.7. Circles, the warranty period of which has expired, must be re-tested for mechanical strength. 3.8. The strength of the circles is checked by rotation on special test benches equipped with variators for a smooth change in the speed of rotation of the spindle and steel casings that completely cover the tested circle. 3.9. Test benches must be installed in an isolated workshop room. 3.10. Circles should be checked with the booth chamber door closed. The chamber must be equipped with a lock that does not allow opening its doors during the rotation of the stand spindle. 3.11. The runout of the test stand spindle shall not exceed 0,03 mm. The direction of the thread at the end of the spindle must be opposite to the direction of rotation of the wheel. Technical inspection of stands should be carried out at least once a month with registration in a special journal. 3.12. The dimensions of the wheels being tested simultaneously at both ends of the shaft of the test bench shall be the same. 3.13. If the diameter of the test wheel exceeds the diameter of the stand spindle, it is allowed to use intermediate bushings with an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the hole in the circle. The height of the seating surface of the intermediate sleeve shall be at least half the height of the wheel being tested. 3.14. On the non-working part of the circle that passed the test, a mark should be made with paint or a label should be pasted indicating the number, date of the test and a legible signature of the person responsible for the test. 3.15. Edit grinding wheels with tools specially designed for this purpose (diamond pencils, metal rollers, metal discs, etc.). Be sure to wear protective goggles when editing. Working on grinders 3.16. Wear safety goggles or lower a protective shield to prevent mineral dust or metal particles from injuring your eyes. 3.17. Check the security of the protective cover and the serviceability of the protective screen. 3.18. Start the machine after making sure it is safe. 3.19. Feed the part onto the circle smoothly, without jerks and sudden pressure, while not positioning yourself in the plane of the possible flight path of pieces of the broken circle. 3.20. Do not touch the abrasive wheel until it comes to a complete stop. 3.21. Watch the spindle runout, which should not exceed the limit set by the technical requirements. 3.22. Make sure that the wheel wears evenly across the entire width of the working surface. 3.23. Do not work with the side of an abrasive wheel unless the wheel is specifically designed for the job. 3.24. Protect the circle from bumps and shocks. 3.25. Keep your face away from the rotating spindle. 3.26. To remove abrasive dust, use a special brush and dustpan. 3.27. Remove guards and safety devices when the machine is not in operation. 3.28. Work only with the front surface of the wheel intended for this work. 3.29. Do not work with mittens, gloves or bandaged fingers. Do not use levers to increase pressure on the wheel. 3.30. Do not lean on the machine and do not pick up or feed objects through the machine while it is in operation. 3.31. Do not be distracted while working on the machine, as this may result in injury to the hands. 3.32. Do not operate a machine with a defective local dust extraction system. 3.33. To avoid cutting your fingers, do not machine parts, especially thin steel, without first deburring with a file. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. If in the process of work there was a partial destruction of the abrasive stone, and to turn off the machine you need to cross the trajectory of a possible ejection of the remaining pieces, then turn it off with an elongated wooden stick, since further destruction of the stone can fatally injure you. 4.2. Stop the machine immediately if:
4.3. In case of accidents with people, provide them with first aid, immediately notify the work manager, maintain the situation in which the accident occurred, if this does not threaten the life and health of others and does not violate the technological process, until the arrival of persons investigating the causes of the accident. 4.4. In case of electric shock, release the victim from the current as soon as possible, because. the duration of its action determines the severity of the injury. To do this, quickly turn off the part of the electrical installation that the victim touches with a knife switch or other disconnecting device. 4.5. If it is impossible to quickly turn off the electrical installation, it is necessary to separate the victim from live parts: 4.5.1. When releasing the victim from live parts or wires with voltage up to 1000 V, use a rope, stick, board or other dry object that does not conduct electric current, or pull the victim by the clothes (if it is dry and lags behind the body), for example, by the skirts of a jacket or coat, behind the collar, while avoiding touching the surrounding metal objects and parts of the body of the victim, not covered by clothing. 4.5.2. If the victim touches the wire that lies on the ground, then before approaching him, place a dry board, a bundle of dry clothes or some kind of dry, non-conductive stand under your feet and separate the wire from the victim with a dry stick, board. It is recommended to operate with one hand if possible. 4.5.3. If the victim convulsively squeezes one current-carrying element (for example, a wire) in his hand, separate the victim from the ground by slipping a dry board under him, pulling his legs off the ground with a rope or pulling him by his clothes, while observing the safety measures described above. 4.5.4. When pulling the victim by the legs, do not touch his shoes or clothing unless your hands are insulated or poorly insulated, because. shoes and clothes may be damp and conduct electricity. To isolate hands, especially if it is necessary to touch the body of the victim, not covered by clothing, put on dielectric gloves, if they are not available, wrap your hands with a scarf or use any other dry clothing. 4.5.5. If it is not possible to separate the victim from live parts or disconnect the electrical installation from the power source, then chop or cut the wires with an ax with a dry wooden handle or bite them with a tool with insulated handles (pliers, wire cutters). Cut and cut the wires phase by phase, i.e. each wire separately. You can also use an uninsulated tool, but you need to wrap its handle with a dry woolen or rubberized cloth. 4.5.6. When separating the victim from live parts with voltages above 1000 V, do not approach the victim closer than 4 - 5 m indoors and 8 - 10 m outdoors. To release the victim, put on insulating gloves and insulating boots and operate only with an insulated rod or tongs rated for the appropriate voltage. 4.6. If the victim is conscious, but frightened, confused and does not know that in order to free himself from the current he needs to get off the ground, with a sharp shout of "jump" make him act correctly. Providing first aid 4.7. Electric shock. After releasing the victim from the action of electric current, lay him on a bed and cover it warmly, quickly determine the nature of the required first aid within 15 - 20 seconds, arrange for a doctor to be called and take the following measures: 4.7.1. If the victim is breathing and conscious, put him in a comfortable position, unfasten his clothes. Before the doctor arrives, provide the victim with complete rest and access to fresh air, while monitoring his pulse and breathing. Do not allow the victim to get up and move before the arrival of the doctor, and even more so continue to work; 4.7.2. If the victim is unconscious, but his breathing and pulse are stable, keep an eye on them, let him smell ammonia and spray his face with water, ensuring complete rest until the doctor arrives; 4.7.3. In the absence of breathing, as well as infrequent and convulsive breathing, or cardiac arrest (lack of pulse), immediately perform artificial respiration or chest compressions. Begin artificial respiration and heart massage no later than 4-6 minutes from the moment of cessation of cardiac activity and breathing, because. after this period, clinical death occurs. Never bury the victim in the ground. 4.8. Perform artificial respiration "from mouth to mouth" or "from mouth to nose" as follows. Lay the victim on his back, unfasten clothing that restricts breathing, place a roller of clothing under the shoulder blades. Ensure that the airway is clear, which may be obstructed by a sunken tongue or foreign material. To do this, tilt the head of the victim as much as possible, placing one hand under the neck and pressing the other on the forehead. In this position, the mouth usually opens, and the root of the tongue moves to the back of the larynx, providing airway patency. If there is foreign matter in the mouth, turn the victim's shoulders and head to the side and clean the mouth and throat with a bandage, handkerchief or shirt edge wrapped around the index finger. If the mouth does not open, then carefully insert a metal plate, tablet, etc. between the back teeth, open your mouth and, if necessary, clean your mouth and throat. After that, kneel down on either side of the victim’s head and, keeping the head thrown back, take a deep breath and, pressing your mouth tightly (through a handkerchief or gauze) to the victim’s open mouth, blow air into him strongly. At the same time, cover the nose of the victim with the cheek or fingers of the hand on the forehead. Make sure that the air enters the lungs and not the stomach, this is revealed by the distention of the abdomen and the lack of expansion of the chest. If air has entered the stomach, remove it from there quickly by briefly pressing the area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe stomach between the sternum and navel. Take measures to free the airways and repeat the blowing of air into the lungs of the victim. After blowing in, release the mouth and nose of the victim for free exit of air from the lungs. For a deeper exhalation, lightly press on the chest. Perform each air injection after 5 seconds, which corresponds to the rhythm of your own breathing. If the jaws of the victim are compressed so tightly that it is not possible to open the mouth, then perform artificial respiration according to the mouth-to-nose method, i.e. blow air into the victim's nose. When the first spontaneous breaths appear, time the artificial breath to coincide with the beginning of the spontaneous breath. Perform artificial respiration until the victim's deep and rhythmic (own) breathing is restored. 4.9. Perform external heart massage in case of cardiac arrest, which is determined by the absence of a pulse, dilated pupils and cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes. When performing an external massage of the victim’s heart, lay the victim on his back on a hard surface or place a board under him, free the chest from clothes and raise his legs by about 0,5 m. 3 - 4 cm above this place along it is determined by the point of pressure. Place the part of the palm adjacent to the wrist joint on the place of pressure, while the fingers should not touch the chest, place the palm of the second hand at a right angle on the back of the palm of the first hand. Make a quick (push) and strong pressure on the sternum and fix it in this position for about 0,5 s, then quickly release it, relaxing your hands, but do not take them away from the sternum. Apply pressure approximately 60 - 80 times per minute. Massage the heart until your own (not supported by massage) regular pulse appears. 4.10. If it is necessary to simultaneously perform artificial respiration and heart massage, the procedure for conducting them and the ratio of the number of injections to the number of pressures on the sternum is determined by the number of persons providing assistance: 4.10.1. If one person is helping, then perform artificial respiration and heart massage in the following order: after two deep breaths, do 15 chest compressions, then again two deep breaths and 15 chest compressions, etc.; 4.10.2. If you provide assistance together, then one makes one blow, and the second after 2 s produces 5-6 pressures on the sternum, etc. 4.11. Perform artificial respiration and heart massage until the body's vital functions are fully restored or until a doctor arrives. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Turn off the power to the machine. 5.2. Install barriers and safety signs at open openings, openings and hatches. 5.3. De-energize equipment, turn off ventilation and local lighting. 5.4. Remove overalls and other personal protective equipment, put them in a closed cabinet; if your overalls need to be washed or repaired, put them in the pantry. 5.5. Notify the work manager about the condition of the equipment. 5.6. Follow the rules of personal hygiene. See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health
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