12. Financial entrepreneurship

Field of activity financial entrepreneurship are circulation and exchange of values. Financial activity is connected with production and commercial activities, and these relationships are constantly deepening. However, financial entrepreneurship can also be in the form of banking, insurance, etc. The main field of activity of financial entrepreneurship is commercial banks and stock exchanges.

Commercial Bank - this is a financial and credit institution of a joint-stock type, lending on a fee basis to various organizations, accepting cash deposits and performing all kinds of settlement operations on behalf of the client. The operations of commercial banks are divided into three areas:

1) passive (raising funds);

2) active (placement of funds);

3) commission and intermediary (performing various operations on behalf of clients with payment of a commission).

In Russia, a feature of the activities of commercial banks is the attraction of funds from enterprises for a significant period; however, credits and loans are issued for relatively short periods. Banks are exposed to risks of a commercial nature no less than entrepreneurs, since they have their own debts and obligations that must be fulfilled within a certain time frame. Therefore, the bank must have certain reserves in case of unforeseen circumstances.

The stock exchange is an institutionalized, regularly functioning securities market, which contributes to increasing the mobility of capital and revealing the real value of assets.

The operating principle of the stock exchange is based on the quick and timely regulation of supply and demand. On the stock exchange there are so-called securities quotes. They are regularly assessed by quotation department specialists for all securities they deal with on the stock exchange. Such information is always available, current rates are constantly displayed on the illuminated board and are regularly published in special newsletters. Changes in rates show the price at which specific shares can be bought or sold at a certain moment on a given exchange. These prices are recalculated using a certain system of formulas and serve as the basis for the subsequent production of exchange activity indices that reflect all changes in economic conditions.

Financial entrepreneurship acts as a special form of commercial entrepreneurship, in which currency, values, securities (stocks, bonds, etc.) sold by the entrepreneur to the consumer or provided to him on credit are the subject of sale and purchase. The essence of financial entrepreneurship is that the entrepreneur acquires finance and sells it to the buyer for a fee higher than the initial one, as a result of which an entrepreneurial profit is created, which is based on the price difference.

Authors: Egorova E.N., Loginova E.Yu.

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