Commercial activity. Joint stock companies (lecture notes)

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Commercial activity. Joint stock companies (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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34. Joint stock companies

The most common form of business organization are joint-stock companies.

Joint-stock company - this is a business company, which is an association of participants (shareholders) who have invested their shares in the form of a certain number of shares.

The authorized capital of a joint-stock company consists of the nominal value of the shares, which must be the same. The size of the authorized capital must be at least 1000 minimum wages in an open joint stock company and at least 100 minimum wages in a closed joint stock company. The shares of the company must be paid by the participants within a year from the date of registration of the joint-stock company. Shares can be sold, transferred to another person, but they cannot leave the company together with their owner.

The capital collected in cash in the form of shares is called share capital. It is not a separate property of its members, but the property of the joint-stock company as a whole. A share is a security that indicates that its owner has contributed his share in the capital of a joint-stock company. The share entitles its owner to receive profit (dividends), as well as to participate in the management of the company. Shares are divided into preferred and ordinary. Ordinary shares provide an opportunity to receive profit remaining after the payment of dividends on preferred shares, the opportunity to vote at shareholder meetings, to participate in the election of the board. Preferred shares give the right to a fixed, fixed dividend, the right to priority dividends, but do not give the right to vote at shareholders' meetings. Shares can be sold, bought, donated, given in the form of a pledge. Only a shareholder with a controlling stake can have a significant influence on the management of the company. Joint-stock companies are divided into open and closed. Open joint stock companies may be formed from limited liability companies in which the number of participants exceeded the number established by the law on companies of this type. Shares owned by an open joint stock company have the right to free sale. They can be distributed both among individuals and among enterprises and banks. Shares of a closed joint stock company do not have the right to free sale. They can be distributed only among the employees of the joint-stock company.

The meeting of voting shareholders is the supreme governing body of the joint-stock company, it elects the governing bodies: the board of directors, the audit commission, the board. The management of a joint-stock company is actually carried out by hired specialists (lawyers, managers, economists, etc.).

The joint-stock company is the owner of the property belonging to it, which includes material, property, intellectual values. Shareholders are owners only of their securities - shares, not being owners of the property of the joint-stock company. Property can only be disposed of by the company represented by its governing bodies.

Authors: Egorova E.N., Loginova E.Yu.

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