Commercial activity. History of Russian entrepreneurship (lecture notes)

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Commercial activity. History of Russian entrepreneurship (lecture notes)

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5. History of Russian entrepreneurship

Russian entrepreneurship In its development over the past 10 years, it has already passed two stages and is on the eve of entering a new, third stage. The first (most striking) took place back in the conditions of the former USSR in the late 1980s. Huge benefits of all kinds were allocated, various subsidies, including those from the state budget. Since conditions were created rather favorable, there was a very rapid and easy accumulation of capital, the production of scarce consumer goods and the sphere of all kinds of household services, which were equally scarce at that time, retail trade, public catering, etc., began to develop.

The second stage conditionally begins in 1992, the year of shock therapy, which was characterized by the highest rates since the mid-1980s. the growth rate of the number of small enterprises (by 2,1 times) and the number of employees of these organizations. This fact is phenomenal, since the price liberalization carried out at that time and the introduction of tax pressure greatly undermined the financial base of small businesses. The huge rate of inflation led to the depreciation of the savings of the population and, as a result, a decrease in purchasing power and a sharp increase in interest rates on bank loans. Investment activity was in a stupor, this task does not lose relevance until now.

The active growth of private entrepreneurship in 1992 was due to the rapid development of the trade and intermediary business, which in turn was a response to the undermining of the original financial base.

Only by 1995 did the regularities of a civilized market economy become more and more apparent. In the economic life of Russia, a trend began to be traced towards the beginning of a market concentration of capital, which was new for that time. The process of takeover of enterprises, often the most profitable, is gaining momentum. In this sense, at this stage of Russian reforms, there is also a decrease in the number of entrepreneurial projects.

The slowdown in the creation and development of new enterprises is also explained by the fact that such a negative powerful factor influencing the increase in the number of enterprises, such as rising unemployment, has come into force in economic and social terms, especially according to unofficial data.

It can be stated that in 1994-1995. the policy of moderately soft financial stabilization pursued by the Russian government, on the one hand, was accompanied by a significant slowdown in the growth of the number of private enterprises, but, on the other hand, the sanation effect was clearly visible. In Russia, a completely different economic situation began to emerge, in which the private sector began to play the role characteristic of entrepreneurship in a normal market economy.

Authors: Egorova E.N., Loginova E.Yu.

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