State and municipal finances. State extra-budgetary fund (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

State and municipal finances. State extra-budgetary fund (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

45. State off-budget fund

The date of creation of off-budget social funds was adopted on October 10, 1991, when the Law "On the Fundamentals of the Budget Structure and Budget Process in the RSFSR" was adopted. For the first time, according to this law, pensions and medical care were allocated from the Soviet Union budget to separate state funds. Subsequently, the Law was abolished, and the funds continue to function on the basis of the Budget Code, adopted on July 31, 1998, and other regulatory legal acts.

The Fund is a non-profit unit that accumulates financial resources and redistributes them for social, charitable, cultural, educational or other socially useful purposes. State funds are managed by federal and regional authorities and are intended to exercise the rights of citizens to social security in old age, social security in case of illness, disability, in case of loss of a breadwinner, the birth and upbringing of children, material security in case of unemployment, to receive free medical care. These rights are enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

At present, there are three non-budgetary funds: a pension fund, a social insurance fund, and a mandatory medical insurance fund. Until 2001, there was an employment fund, where employers' contributions were accumulated. The funds of the fund were redistributed to provide support in the field of employment. Now the financing of programs aimed at developing employment is provided by the federal budget.

The specificity of off-budget funds is the consolidation of sources of income and their strictly targeted use. State funds are considered to be relatively independent financial and credit institutions. They use the funds received for purposes regulated by the state. It is the state that determines the size and structure of insurance social payments.

Funds are formed at the expense of the unified social tax (UST). UST is included in the cost of products, works, services, is calculated from the amount of wages and is subject to monthly deductions.

Each off-budget fund has its own budget, which is filled from legally fixed sources of income and distributed to strictly defined areas.

Draft budgets of state non-budgetary funds are compiled independently, then submitted to the legislative bodies for consideration. Accompanying materials and documents are accepted simultaneously with the project.

Author: Novikova M.V.

<< Back: Measures applied in case of violation of budget legislation

>> Forward: Pension Fund of the Russian Federation

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Inorganic chemistry. Crib

▪ Intellectual property right. Crib

▪ Faculty pediatrics. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Silicone wristbands measure air quality 01.08.2021

A study by researchers at the Texas A&M University School of Public Health shows that inexpensive and convenient devices such as silicone wristbands can be used to provide quantitative data on air quality, which is especially important during periods of increased sensitivity, such as pregnancy. Prenatal exposure to PAHs has been shown to lead to adverse health outcomes in children.

The team found that the wristbands, when used as passive samplers, have the ability to bind lower molecular weight semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil and gasoline and are produced by burning coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage and tobacco - similar to active sampling.

The study focused on pregnant women in Hidalgo County in South Texas. This particular area of Texas was chosen because of the region's increased prevalence of childhood asthma, as well as a higher rate of prematurity (14,8 percent) compared to the rest of the state (12,9 percent).

Scientists have quantified the effects of PAHs on pregnant women living in McAllen. For data collection, participants carried backpacks with air sampling equipment. A silicone wristband was attached to each backpack. After three non-consecutive 24-hour periods, air sampling equipment and wristbands were analyzed for PAH content.

When the researchers analyzed and compared the data from the air sampling equipment and the wristbands, they found that the wristbands gave similar results to more traditional testing methods. The researchers suggest that the use of silicone wristbands as a passive sampler may be useful in the study of semi-volatile PAHs.

"The use of wristbands is attractive because they are inexpensive and comfortable to wear," said co-author Itza Mendoza-Sanchez, assistant professor of environmental and occupational health (EOH). "Wristbands have been used to detect a number of contaminants, but qualification of these contaminants remains a challenge. Our the aim was to evaluate the extent to which we can use the wristbands as passive samplers to quantify PAHs in air We found that the detection patterns are similar for small molecule compounds and that attaching the wristbands to a backpack strap is a good sampling method to evaluate conditions under which wristbands can be used to quantify PAHs in air.

"Maternal exposure to PAHs during pregnancy is particularly detrimental to the health of children as this is a phase of rapid human growth and development," Johnson said. "Thus, simple methods for quantifying PAH exposure are essential to assess risk and develop effective intervention strategies."

Johnson said the results of the study confirm that wristbands used as passive samplers could be useful in future studies to assess adverse health effects from prenatal exposure to PAHs.

Other interesting news:

▪ Public map of the state of the world's forests

▪ Samsung Compute Express Link (CXL) 512 GB memory module

▪ MESO instead of CMOS

▪ Magnetic portable charger Anker 622 Magnetic Battery

▪ Carbon 3D frame will improve lithium-ion battery anodes

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Computer devices. Article selection

▪ article Shine and poverty. Popular expression

▪ Article What is the smallest country in the world? Detailed answer

▪ article Packer of flour and cereals. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Measuring SWR: theory and practice. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Antenna for the UHF band. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews